ArticlePloS one2016
AvrRxo1 Is a Bifunctional Type III Secreted Effector and Toxin-Antitoxin System Component with Homologs in Diverse Environmental Contexts.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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26 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Adapting the inoculation methods of kiwifruit canker disease to identify efficient biocontrol bacteria from branch microbiome.Molecular plant pathology · 2024Article
- Type II bacterial toxin-antitoxins: hypotheses, facts, and the newfound plethora of the PezAT system.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Article
- Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems' Cross-Interactions-Implications for Practical Use in Medicine and Biotechnology.Toxins · 2023Review
- Characterizing conjugative plasmids from an antibiotic-resistant dataset for use as broad-host delivery vectors.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Analysis of the Type 4 Effectome across the GenusInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Biology and evolution of bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- The bacterial effector AvrRxo1 inhibits vitamin B6 biosynthesis to promote infection in rice.Plant communications · 2022Article
- Bacterial toxin-antitoxin modules: classification, functions, and association with persistence.Current research in microbial sciences · 2021Review
- The Mesorhizobium huakuii transcriptional regulator AbiEi plays a critical role in nodulation and is important for bacterial stress response.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- Immunity proteins of dual nuclease T6SS effectors function as transcriptional repressors.EMBO reports · 2021Article
- Identification of Three Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems in Model Bacterial Plant PathogenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- What the Wild Things Do: Mechanisms of Plant Host Manipulation by Bacterial Type III-Secreted Effector Proteins.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Genome Mining Shows Ubiquitous Presence and Extensive Diversity of Toxin-Antitoxin Systems inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Natural Variation in Virulence ofThe plant pathology journal · 2020Article
- Functional divergence of flagellar type III secretion system: A case study in a non-flagellated, predatory bacterium.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2020Article
- FilamentousFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Chromosomally EncodedApplied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- Rice Routes of CounteringInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous bacterial systems that may function in genome maintenance and metabolic stress management, but are also thought to play a role in virulence by helping pathogens survive stress. We previously demonstrated that the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola protein AvrRxo1 is a type III-secreted virulence factor that has structural similarities to the zeta family of TA toxins, and is toxic to plants and bacteria in the absence of its predicted chaperone Arc1. In this work, we confirm that AvrRxo1 and its binding partner Arc1 function as a TA system when expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequences of avrRxo1 homologs were culled from published and newly generated phytopathogen genomes, revealing that avrRxo1:arc1 modules are rare or frequently inactivated in some species and highly conserved in others. Cloning and functional analysis of avrRxo1 from Acidovorax avenae, A. citrulli, Burkholderia andropogonis, Xanthomonas translucens, and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria showed that some AvrRxo1 homologs share the bacteriostatic and Rxo1-mediated cell death triggering activities of AvrRxo1 from X. oryzae. Additional distant putative homologs of avrRxo1 and arc1 were identified in genomic or metagenomic sequence of environmental bacteria with no known pathogenic role. One of these distant homologs was cloned from the filamentous soil bacterium Cystobacter fuscus. avrRxo1 from C. fuscus caused watersoaking and triggered Rxo1-dependent cell collapse in Nicotiana benthamiana, but no growth suppression in E. coli was observed. This work confirms that a type III effector can function as a TA system toxin, and illustrates the potential of microbiome data to reveal new environmental origins or reservoirs of pathogen virulence factors.
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