ArticleOncotarget2016
Metformin as a new anti-cancer drug in adrenocortical carcinoma.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin therapy and the risk of colorectal adenoma in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017 · on this mapPooled it
- Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Cells and Therapeutics Targeting Cancer Metabolism.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Anticarcinogenic Effects of Gold Nanoparticles and Metformin Against MCF-7 and A549 Cells.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Diabetes Mellitus in Non-Functioning Adrenal Incidentalomas: Analysis of the Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) Impact on Glucose Profile.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Advances in translational research of the rare cancer type adrenocortical carcinoma.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Three Dimensional Models of Endocrine Organs and Target Tissues Regulated by the Endocrine System.Cancers · 2023Review
- Murine Breast Cancer Radiosensitization Using Oxygen Microbubbles and Metformin: Vessels Are the Key.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Metformin Treatment Induces Different Response in Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Tumour Cells and in Primary Fibroblasts.Cancers · 2022Article
- Stimulated Expression of CXCL12 in Adrenocortical Carcinoma by the PPARgamma Ligand Rosiglitazone Impairs Cancer Progression.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- The Role of Biomarkers in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Synergistic effects of metformin and curcumin on cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs using a gastric cancer cell line model.EXCLI journal · 2021Article
- Metformin and Malignant Tumors: Not Over the Hill.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Review
- Metformin activates AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway and induces mitochondrial dysfunction to drive caspase3/GSDME-mediated cancer cell pyroptosis.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2020Article
- The role of an anti-diabetic drug metformin in the treatment of endocrine tumors.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2019Review
- Apoptosis regulation in adrenocortical carcinoma.Endocrine connections · 2019Review
- The role of epithelial growth factors and insulin growth factors in the adrenal neoplasms.Annals of translational medicine · 2018Review
- The impact of patient-, disease-, and treatment-related factors on survival in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2018Article
- Efficacy of oral metformin in a patient with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: Examination of mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Rare tumors · 2018Article
- Article
- Effects and Mechanisms of Metformin on the Proliferation of Esophageal Cancer CellsCancer research and treatment · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare heterogeneous malignancy with poor prognosis. Since radical surgery is the only available treatment, more specific and effective drugs are urgently required. The anti-diabetic drug metformin has been associated with a decreased cancer prevalence and mortality in several solid tumors, prompting its possible use for ACC treatment.This paper evaluates the in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer effects of metformin using the ACC cell model H295R.Metformin treatment significantly reduces cell viability and proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and associates with a significant inhibition of ERK1/2 and mTOR phosphorylation/activation, as well as with stimulation of AMPK activity. Metformin also triggers the apoptotic pathway, shown by the decreased expression of Bcl-2 and HSP27, HSP60 and HSP70, and enhanced membrane exposure of annexin V, resulting in activation of caspase-3 apoptotic effector. Metformin interferes with the proliferative autocrine loop of IGF2/IGF-1R, which supports adrenal cancer growth. Finally, in the ACC xenograft mouse model, obtained by subcutaneous injection of H295R cells, metformin intraperitoneal administration inhibits tumor growth, confirmed by the significant reduction of Ki67%.Our data suggest that metformin inhibits H295R cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Further preclinical studies are necessary to validate the potential anti-cancer effect of metformin in patients affected by ACC.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.