Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27391044›Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2016

Young smoker "ABCD" vascular assessment: a four-step ultrasound examination for detecting peripheral, extra and intra-cranial early arterial damage.

Chiara Mozzini, Alder Casadei, Giuseppe Roscia, Luciano Cominacini

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Chiara MozziniDepartment of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10-37134, Verona, Italy. chiaramozzini@libero.it.
Alder CasadeiUltrasound Association of South-Tyrol, Bolzano Health District, Piazza W.A. Loew-Cadonna, 12-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
Giuseppe RosciaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Bolzano Central Hospital, via L. Bohler, 5-39100, Bolzano, Italy.
Luciano CominaciniDepartment of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10-37134, Verona, Italy.
Ospedale di Bolzano · ITUniversity of Verona · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCigarette smoking is known as a major risk factor in the pathogenic mechanisms of stroke, coronary and peripheral artery disease (CAD and PAD), even in young subjects. The aim of this study is the creation of a four-step ultrasound examination to evaluate and monitor the peripheral, the extra and the intra-cranial assessment of the arterial early damage in smokers. The evaluations of A, the Ankle-brachial index, ABI, B, the Breath holding index, BHI, C, the Carotid intima media thickness, CIMT, and D, the Diameter of the abdominal aorta represent the "ABCD" assessment.

methodsThirty-eight healthy smokers and 43 controls underwent A, calculated for each leg. B was calculated after determination of subjects' flow velocity of middle cerebral artery (MCA) by trans-cranial colour Doppler (TCCD) before and after 30 s of apnoea at baseline and just after smoking a cigarette, to simulate the chronic and acute effects of smoking. Finally, C and D evaluation were assessed using a high-resolution B-mode ultrasound.

resultsSmokers presented higher values of CIMT (mean and maximal), and lower BHI both at baseline and just after smoking (p < 0.01), though in the normal range. No significant differences were found for A and D between smokers and non- smokers.

conclusionsOur results underline the importance of the assessment of B and C, that, though in the normal range, present significant differences between smokers and non-smokers. These data could drive the screening between smokers in age-related manner. Moreover, the "ABCD" examination could represent a valid method to detect and then monitor smokers' vascular damage. Although it is far to be considered a screening and routine tool, it should be contemplated in a wider context of possible not-invasive practical screening and follow-up modalities. This would be designed to implement preventive strategies and tools aimed at discouraging tobacco addiction and monitoring cardiovascular risk patients.

Indexed as

Early DiagnosisAdultAnkle Brachial IndexAorta, AbdominalBlood Flow VelocityBrachial ArteryCarotid ArteriesCarotid Intima-Media ThicknessCoronary Artery DiseaseFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMalePeripheral Arterial DiseaseRisk FactorsSmokingAbdominal aorta diameterAnkle-brachial indexBreath holding indexCarotid intima-media thicknessEarly arterial damageSmoking

Identifiers

PMID27391044
PMCPMC4938918
OpenAlexW2474451979

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.