ArticlePloS one2016
PSG9 Stimulates Increase in FoxP3+ Regulatory T-Cells through the TGF-β1 Pathway.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Regulating Fetal-Maternal Immune Tolerance in Normal and Pathological Pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Unmasking the invisible: Proteomic traces of depression in human serum - A pilot study.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Endogenous retroviral elements LTR8B and MER65 rewire PSG9 regulation to control trophoblast syncytialization and pre-eclampsia risk.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Trophoblast-derived proteins and their effects on the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins as molecular links between mesenchymal stromal cells and M2 macrophages in tissue repair: implications for cancer progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Cellular and immune adaptations at the maternal-fetal interface in bats.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Overexpression of the STOX1B isoform of STOX1 triggers preeclampsia-like symptoms through HNF4α-dependent alterations of coagulation cascades in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early prediction of preeclampsia from clinical, multi-omics and laboratory data using random forest model.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins as potential drug targets for female lung adenocarcinoma patients.Briefings in functional genomics · 2025Article
- Immune-neuroendocrine reactivity and features of tuberculosis in pregnancy.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Integrated Proteomic and N-Glycoproteomic Profiling of Placental Tissues of Patients with Preeclampsia.International journal of women's health · 2023Article
- Recombinant pregnancy-specific glycoprotein-1-Fc reduces functional deficit in a mouse model of permanent brain ischaemia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- PSG7 and 9 (Pregnancy-Specific β-1 Glycoproteins 7 and 9): Novel Biomarkers for Preeclampsia.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Effects of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoproteins on Trophoblast Motility in Three-Dimensional Gelatin Hydrogels.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2022Article
- Evolution of Placental Hormones: Implications for Animal Models.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Hijacking Sexual Immuno-Privilege in GBM-An Immuno-Evasion Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- TFAP2A potentiates lung adenocarcinoma metastasis by a novel miR-16 family/TFAP2A/PSG9/TGF-β signaling pathway.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- The immune-modulating pregnancy-specific glycoproteins evolve rapidly and their presence correlates with hemochorial placentation in primates.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 9 acts as both a transcriptional target and a regulator of the canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling to drive breast cancer progression.Clinical and translational medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of proteins secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and are the most abundant trophoblastic proteins in maternal blood during the third trimester. The human PSG family consists of 10 protein-coding genes, some of which have a possible role in maintaining maternal immune tolerance to the fetus. PSG9 was reported as a potential predictive biomarker of pre-eclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy that has been related to immunological dysfunction at the fetal-maternal interface. Therefore, we hypothesized that PSG9 may have an immunoregulatory role during pregnancy. We found that PSG9 binds to LAP and activates the latent form of TGF-β1. In addition, PSG9 induces the secretion of TGF-β1 from macrophages but not from CD4+ T-cells. TGF-β1 is required for the ex vivo differentiation of regulatory T-cells and, consistent with the ability of PSG9 to activate this cytokine, we observed that PSG9 induces the differentiation of FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells from naïve murine and human T-cells. Cytokines that are associated with inflammatory responses were also reduced in the supernatants of T-cells treated with PSG9, suggesting that PSG9, through its activation of TGFβ-1, could be a potent inducer of immune tolerance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.