ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Schistosome Soluble Egg Antigen Decreases Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Effector Function With Concomitant Arrest of Macrophage Phago-Lysosome Maturation.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03941496 (Phase 1b/2a Safety and Immunogenicity of the DNMT Inhibitor Azacitidine During Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1b/2a Safety and Immunogenicity of the DNMT Inhibitor Azacitidine During Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Helminth Coinfection Alters Monocyte Activation, Polarization, and Function in LatentJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Trial
- Towards host-directed therapy: The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026Review
- Helminth Infection, Gut Microbiome Alterations, and Their Impact on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Review
- Up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase activity in soil-transmitted helminth-tuberculosis co-infection is associated with increased lung pathology.The European respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Relevance ofOpen journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Helminth species-specific effects on IFN-γ producing T cells during active and latent tuberculosis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Helminth Antigen Exposure Enhances Early Immune Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Monocytes and Macrophages.Journal of innate immunity · 2021Article
- Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with active tuberculosis.Infection · 2020Article
- CD4 T Cells inFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Role of iBALT in Respiratory Immunity.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2020Review
- Modeling the Effects of Helminth Infection on the Transmission Dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under Optimal Control Strategies.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2020Article
- Cross-Domain and Viral Interactions in the Microbiome.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2019Review
- Urogenital schistosomiasis is associated with signatures of microbiome dysbiosis in Nigerian adolescents.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Schistosomiasis Induces Persistent DNA Methylation and Tuberculosis-Specific Immune Changes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- Distinct clinical characteristics and helminth co-infections in adult tuberculosis patients from urban compared to rural Tanzania.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2018Article
- Schistosoma, other helminth infections, and associated risk factors in preschool-aged children in urban Tanzania.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Hookworm infection is associated with decreased CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-infected adult Ugandans.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Species dependent impact of helminth-derived antigens on human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Direct effect on the innate anti-mycobacterial response.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Helminth-infected individuals possess a higher risk of developing tuberculosis, but the precise immunologic mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis control remains unclear. We hypothesized that a perturbation of the M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T-cell response weakens the ability of macrophages to contain M. tuberculosis We exposed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from M. tuberculosis-infected humans to schistosome soluble egg antigen (SEA) and then profiled M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T cells via multiparametric flow cytometry. SEA decreased the frequency of cells producing interferon γ (6.79% vs 3.20%; P = .017) and tumor necrosis factor α (6.98% vs 2.96%; P = .012), with a concomitant increase in the median fluorescence intensity of interleukin 4 (IL-4; P < .05) and interleukin 10 (IL-10; 1440 vs 1273; P < .05). Macrophages polarized with SEA-exposed, autologous CD4(+) T-cell supernatant had a 2.19-fold decreased colocalization of lysosomes and M. tuberculosis (P < .05). When polarized with IL-4 or IL-10, macrophages had increased expression of CD206 (P < .0001), 1.5-fold and 1.9 fold increased intracellular numbers of M. tuberculosis per macrophage (P < .0005), and 1.4-fold and 1.7-fold decreased colocalization between M. tuberculosis and lysosomes (P < .001). This clarifies a relationship in which helminth-induced CD4(+) T cells disrupt M. tuberculosis control by macrophages, thereby providing a mechanism for the observation that helminth infection advances the progression of tuberculosis among patients with M. tuberculosis infection.
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