ArticlePloS one2016
Profile of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Punjab, Northern India: Results of a State-Wide STEPS Survey.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- National prevalence and regional variation in the burden of hypertension in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Double Burden of Underweight and Overweight among Women in South and Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
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- Disparities in oral cancer screening among Indian women aged 30-49: insights from a national survey.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Article
- Risk factors of Esophageal Cancer in Punjab- A Case Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Behavioural risk factors of cancer among the general population in Manipur: Findings from the monitoring survey of cancer risk factors and health system response in North East Region.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Food label literacy and its determinants among residents of Bathinda city: A mixed methods study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
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- Out-of-pocket payments & catastrophic healthcare expenditure for non-communicable diseases: Results of a State-wide STEPS survey in north India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Lifestyle risk factors of metabolic diseases among adult women in selected community settings - A community based cross sectional survey.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adults in urban slums of Burdwan municipality, West Bengal: A cross sectional study.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Afghanistan: insights of the nationwide population-based survey in 2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Prevalence and predictors of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among women aged 15-49 years across urban and rural India: findings from a nationwide survey.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- A Study of Hypertension and Related Biophysical and Health-related Lifestyle Behaviors in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia.Annals of neurosciences · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease (NCDs) risk factors in Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu STEPS Survey (TN STEPS), 2020.PloS one · 2024Article
- Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in the urban field practice area of AIIMS Raipur: A community-based screening survey.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Article
- Lifestyle practices predisposing adolescents to non communicable diseases in Delhi.Dialogues in health · 2022Article
- A community-level educational intervention trail to study the impact of life style modification in control of hypertension and diabetes- A non-randomized trial (Before and after intervention study without control).Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
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Abstract
backgroundEfforts to assess the burden of non-communicable diseases risk factors has improved in low and middle-income countries after political declaration of UN High Level Meeting on NCDs. However, lack of reliable estimates of risk factors distribution are leading to delay in implementation of evidence based interventions in states of India.
methodsA STEPS Survey, comprising all the three steps for assessment of risk factors of NCDs, was conducted in Punjab state during 2014-15. A statewide multistage sample of 5,127 residents, aged 18-69 years, was taken. STEPS questionnaire version 3.1 was used to collect information on behavioral risk factors, followed by physical measurements and blood and urine sampling for biochemical profile.
resultsTobacco and alcohol consumption were observed in 11.3% (20% men and 0.9% women) and 15% (27% men and 0.3% women) of the population, respectively. Low levels of physical activity were recorded among 31% (95% CI: 26.7-35.5) of the participants. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 28.6% (95% CI: 26.3-30.9) and 12.8% (95% CI: 11.2-14.4) respectively. Central obesity was higher among women (69.3%, 95% CI: 66.5-72.0) than men (49.5%, 95% CI: 45.3-53.7). Prevalence of hypertension in population was 40.1% (95% CI: 37.3-43.0). The mean sodium intake in grams per day for the population was 7.4 gms (95% CI: 7.2-7.7). The prevalence of diabetes (hyperglycemia), hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia was 14.3% (95% CI: 11.7-16.8), 21.6% (95% CI: 18.5-25.1) and 16.1% (95% CI: 13.1-19.2), respectively. In addition, 7% of the population aged 40-69 years had a cardiovascular risk of ≥ 30% over a period of next 10 years.
conclusionWe report high prevalence of risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases among adults in Punjab. There is an urgent need to implement population, individual and programme wide prevention and control interventions to lower the serious consequences of NCDs.
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