ArticleParasites & vectors2016
Vector competence of northern European Culex pipiens biotypes and hybrids for West Nile virus is differentially affected by temperature.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Worldwide transmission and infection risk of mosquito vectors of West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, Usutu and Japanese encephalitis viruses: a systematic review.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors associated with sustained circulation of six zoonotic arboviruses: a systematic review for selection of surveillance sites in non-endemic areas.Parasites & vectors · 2019Pooled it
- Vector Competence for West Nile Virus Lineage 1 and 2: Temperature Dependency in TemperateMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Biotype dynamics of the common house mosquito Culex pipiens in the anthropogenic environment in winter: a citizen science approach.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fine-scale heterogeneity and local amplification of West Nile virus in urban environments in Berlin.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ecology of mosquitoes in Scottish wetlands and confirmation of Culex pipiens biotype molestus and pipiens/molestus hybrids in Scotland.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- The ecology of biting: buzzing through the main ecological, environmental and biological drivers of mosquito-borne diseases.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Risk assessment of West Nile fever in equines in Europe based on an ecological niche model.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Identification and mapping of potential and highly likely vectors for selected vector-borne diseases in the EU and neighbouring countries.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus in Europe: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Environmental Drivers, and the Role of Equine Sentinel Surveillance in a One Health Framework.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evaluating BG-Sentinel trap setting as an effective surveillance tool for mosquito vectors in the Republic of Cyprus.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2026Article
- Are we doing our best to contain the spread of West Nile virus? Evaluating intervention efficacy through mathematical modelling.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Stress in dipteran insects mass-reared for sterile insect technique applications.Insect science · 2025Review
- Differential expression of antennal chemosensory genes related to host preference of Culex pipiens biotypes.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Impact of temperature on vector competence of Culex pipiens molestus: implications for Usutu virus transmission in temperate regions.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Investigating the impact of endemic mosquitoes and invasive Aedes species on the circulation of Dirofilaria nematodes.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Spatial inference of Culex pipiens abundance and biting activity distribution in the Netherlands using citizen science.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Laboratory evidence on the vector competence of European field-captured Culex theileri for circulating West Nile virus lineages 1 and 2.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Environmental determinants of West Nile virus vector abundance at the wildlife-livestock interface.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOutbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) have not occurred in northern Europe despite nearby circulation of WNV in the southern part of the continent. The main vector for WNV, the mosquito Culex (Cx.) pipiens, consists of two behaviorally distinct biotypes, pipiens and molestus, which can form hybrids. Although temperature has been shown to influence vector competence of Cx. pipiens for WNV and biotypes are differentially susceptible towards infection, the interaction between the two has not been elucidated.
methodsWe determined vector competence of the Cx. pipiens biotypes and hybrids, after 14 days of incubation at 18, 23 and 28 °C. Mosquitoes were orally infected by providing an infectious blood meal or by injecting WNV directly in the thorax. Infection and transmission rates were determined by testing the bodies and saliva for WNV presence. In addition, titers of mosquitoes with WNV-positive bodies and saliva samples were determined.
resultsOrally infected biotype pipiens and hybrids showed significantly increased transmission rates with higher temperatures, up to 32 and 14 %, respectively. In contrast, the molestus biotype had an overall transmission rate of 10 %, which did not increase with temperature. All mosquitoes that were infected via WNV injections had (close to) 100 % infection and transmission rates, suggesting an important role of the mosquito midgut barrier. We found no effect of increasing temperature on viral titers.
conclusionsTemperature differentially affected vector competence of the Cx. pipiens biotypes. This shows the importance of accounting for biotype-by-temperature interactions, which influence the outcomes of vector competence studies. Vector competence studies with Cx. pipiens mosquitoes differentiated to the biotype level are essential for proper WNV risk assessments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.