Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27387948›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2016

Phototactic guidance of a tissue-engineered soft-robotic ray.

Sung-Jin Park, Mattia Gazzola, Kyung Soo Park, Shirley Park, Valentina Di Santo, Erin L Blevins, Johan U Lind, Patrick H Campbell, Stephanie Dauth, Andrew K Capulli and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
170citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

170 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Discrete 2D Material Programming for 3D Shaping and Morphogenesis-Inspired 4D Bioprinting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Sung-Jin ParkDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Mattia GazzolaJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Kyung Soo ParkDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea. Sogang-Harvard Research Center for Disease Biophysics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
Shirley ParkDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Valentina Di SantoMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Erin L BlevinsMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Johan U LindDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Patrick H CampbellDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Stephanie DauthDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Andrew K CapulliDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Francesco S PasqualiniDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Seungkuk AhnDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Alexander ChoDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Hongyan YuanDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Ben M MaozDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Ragu VijaykumarDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Jeong-Woo ChoiDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea. Sogang-Harvard Research Center for Disease Biophysics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
Karl DeisserothDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
George V LauderMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
L MahadevanJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Physics, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Kavli Institute for Nanobio Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138S, USA.
Kevin Kit ParkerDisease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Sogang-Harvard Research Center for Disease Biophysics, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea. kkparker@seas.harvard.edu.

Funding

Super-Resolution ImagingP30NS072030 · NINDS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI REGEHR, WADE G · 2011 to 2020
$5.8M
Human Cardio-Pulmonary System on a ChipUH3TR000522 · NCATS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI PARKER, KEVIN KIT · 2014 to 2016
$3.6M
NCATS NIH HHS UH3 TR000522NCATS NIH HHS UH3TR000522NINDS NIH HHS NS072030NINDS NIH HHS P30 NS072030
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inspired by the relatively simple morphological blueprint provided by batoid fish such as stingrays and skates, we created a biohybrid system that enables an artificial animal--a tissue-engineered ray--to swim and phototactically follow a light cue. By patterning dissociated rat cardiomyocytes on an elastomeric body enclosing a microfabricated gold skeleton, we replicated fish morphology at 1/10 scale and captured basic fin deflection patterns of batoid fish. Optogenetics allows for phototactic guidance, steering, and turning maneuvers. Optical stimulation induced sequential muscle activation via serpentine-patterned muscle circuits, leading to coordinated undulatory swimming. The speed and direction of the ray was controlled by modulating light frequency and by independently eliciting right and left fins, allowing the biohybrid machine to maneuver through an obstacle course.

Indexed as

LightRoboticsTissue EngineeringAnimal FinsAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaCuesMuscle, SkeletalOptogeneticsSkates, FishSwimming

Identifiers

PMID27387948
PMCPMC5526330

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.