Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27385428›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2016

Systematic Review of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Apheresis for the Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Anthony Wang, Akshara Richhariya, Shravanthi R Gandra, Brian Calimlim, Lisa Kim, Ruben G W Quek, Robert J Nordyke, Peter P Toth

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Liver transplantation for co-existing biliary atresia and familial hypercholesterolemia.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2024
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Lipoprotein(a): a Case for Universal Screening in Youth.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Anthony WangICON Plc, Los Angeles, CA.
Akshara RichhariyaSeattle Genetics, Bothell, WA.
Shravanthi R GandraAmgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA sgandra@amgen.com.
Brian CalimlimICON Plc, Los Angeles, CA.
Lisa KimHealth Net, Woodland Hills, CA.
Ruben G W QuekAmgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA.
Robert J NordykePrecision for Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
Peter P TothUniversity of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundApheresis is an important treatment for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We systematically reviewed the current literature surrounding LDL-C apheresis for FH. METHODS AND

resultsElectronic databases were searched for publications of LDL-C apheresis in patients with FH. Inclusion criteria include articles in English published in 2000-2013 that provide descriptions of practice patterns, efficacy/effectiveness, and costs related to LDL-C apheresis in patients with FH. Data were stratified by country and FH genotype where possible. Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria: 8 open-label clinical trials, 11 observational studies, 17 reviews/guidelines, and 2 health technology assessments. The prevalence of FH was not well characterized by country, and underdiagnosis was a barrier to FH treatment. Treatment guidelines varied by country, with some guidelines recommending LDL-C apheresis as first-line treatment in patients with homozygous FH and after drug therapy failure in patients with heterozygous FH. Additionally, guidelines typically recommended weekly or biweekly LDL-C apheresis treatments conducted at apheresis centers that may last 2 to >3 hours per session. Studies reported a range for mean LDL-C reduction after apheresis: 57-75% for patients with homozygous FH and 58-63% for patients with heterozygous FH. Calculated annual costs (in US$2015) may reach US$66 374 to US$228 956 per patient for weekly treatment.

conclusionsLDL-C apheresis treatment may be necessary for patients with FH when drug therapy is inadequate in reducing LDL-C to target levels. While apheresis reduces LDL-C, high per-session costs and the frequency of guideline-recommended treatment result in substantial annual costs, which are barriers to the optimal treatment of FH.

Indexed as

Blood Component RemovalCholesterol, LDLCost-Benefit AnalysisHumansHyperlipoproteinemia Type IICholesterol, LDLapheresisfamilial hypercholesterolemialow‐density lipoprotein cholesterol

Identifiers

PMID27385428
PMCPMC5015370

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.