Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27385332›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology of the cell2016

Comparative assessment of fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging in an animal model system.

Jennifer K Heppert, Daniel J Dickinson, Ariel M Pani, Christopher D Higgins, Annette Steward, Julie Ahringer, Jeffrey R Kuhn, Bob Goldstein

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 150 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  5. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Identification of optimal fluorophores for use in theMolecular biology of the cell · 2026
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  9. Article
  10. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  11. The extracellular matrix genebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  12. Article
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  16. Targeting the cell membrane in established and emerging model organisms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Jennifer K HeppertDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Daniel J DickinsonDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Ariel M PaniDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Christopher D HigginsDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Annette StewardGurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom.
Julie AhringerGurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom.
Jeffrey R KuhnDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
Bob GoldsteinDepartment of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 bobg@unc.edu.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USUniversity of Cambridge · GBThe University of Texas at Austin · US

Funding

Integrated Training in Cancer Model SystemsT32CA009156 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DER, CHANNING J. · 1985 to 2020
$19.7M
Enhancing and expanding the CGC Strain CollectionP40OD010440 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Ann E. Rougvie · 2012 to 2026
$7.5M
Mechanisms of C. elegans GastrulationR01GM083071 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GOLDSTEIN, ROBERT P · 2008 to 2019
$3.7M
Deciphering Roles of Cell Shapes in SignalingF32GM115151 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI PANI, ARIEL MATTHEW · 2015 to 2015
$52k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS T32 CA009156NIGMS NIH HHS F32 GM115151NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM083071NIH HHS P40 OD010440
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fluorescent protein tags are fundamental tools used to visualize gene products and analyze their dynamics in vivo. Recent advances in genome editing have expedited the precise insertion of fluorescent protein tags into the genomes of diverse organisms. These advances expand the potential of in vivo imaging experiments and facilitate experimentation with new, bright, photostable fluorescent proteins. Most quantitative comparisons of the brightness and photostability of different fluorescent proteins have been made in vitro, removed from biological variables that govern their performance in cells or organisms. To address the gap, we quantitatively assessed fluorescent protein properties in vivo in an animal model system. We generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strains expressing green, yellow, or red fluorescent proteins in embryos and imaged embryos expressing different fluorescent proteins under the same conditions for direct comparison. We found that mNeonGreen was not as bright in vivo as predicted based on in vitro data but is a better tag than GFP for specific kinds of experiments, and we report on optimal red fluorescent proteins. These results identify ideal fluorescent proteins for imaging in vivo in C. elegans embryos and suggest good candidate fluorescent proteins to test in other animal model systems for in vivo imaging experiments.

Indexed as

AnimalsCaenorhabditis elegansDisease Models, AnimalFluorescent DyesGreen Fluorescent ProteinsLuminescent ProteinsMicroscopy, FluorescenceOptical ImagingRed Fluorescent ProteinFluorescent DyesGreen Fluorescent ProteinsLuminescent ProteinsRed Fluorescent Protein

Identifiers

PMID27385332
PMCPMC5221575
OpenAlexW2471526055

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.