Trial reportOrthopaedic surgery2016
Closed Suction Drainage Is Not Associated with Faster Recovery after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of 80 Patients.
Trial report in Orthopaedic surgery, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The optimal regimen of oral tranexamic acid administration for primary total knee/hip replacement: a meta-analysis and narrative review of a randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2020Pooled it
- Are closed suction drains necessary for primary total knee arthroplasty?: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block for total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Value of closed suction drainage in arthroscopic and minimally invasive surgery of the ankle joint: a prospective randomised study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Trial
- The effect of local injection of tranexamic acid into peri-articular tissue versus drain clamping in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Trial
- Prophylactic Closed Suction Drainage Is Irrelevant to Accelerated Rehabilitation after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Closed Distal Femur Fractures.Orthopaedic surgery · 2020Trial
- The "Cough Trick" Reduces Pain During Removal of Closed-suction Drains after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Trial.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2019Trial
- Intravenous and subsequent long-term oral tranexamic acid in enhanced-recovery primary total knee arthroplasty without the application of a tourniquet: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Trial
- Role of Suction Drain after Knee Arthroplasty in the Tranexamic Acid Era: A Randomized Controlled Study.Clinics in orthopedic surgery · 2019Trial
- Tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty without tourniquet: a randomized, controlled trial of oral versus intravenous versus topical administration.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Comparison of oral versus intra-articular tranexamic acid in enhanced-recovery primary total knee arthroplasty without tourniquet application: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2018Trial
- Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction without tourniquet use reduces joint swelling without compromising surgical outcomes: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinic and Ultrasound Evaluation of Suction Drainage in Total Knee Arthroplasty Procedure: A Multicentric Prospective Trial.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Suction drainage in total knee replacement does not influence early functional outcomes or blood loss: a randomized control trial.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2023Article
- Effect of Drain Output on the Timing of Closed Suction Drain (CSD) Removal After Head and Neck Surgery.Cureus · 2022Article
- Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Survivorship of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Pyogenic Arthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 168 Hips.Orthopaedic surgery · 2022Article
- Effect of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate combined with tranexamic acid on blood loss and inflammatory response in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.Bone & joint research · 2021Article
- Predictors for blood loss and transfusion frequency to guide blood saving programs in primary knee- and hip-arthroplasty.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Efficacy of postoperative drainage in total knee arthroplasty: Review of the literature.Orthopedic reviews · 2020Article
- A Multivariate Analysis on the Effect of No Closed Suction Drain on the Length of Hospital Stay in Total Knee Arthroplasty.Knee surgery & related research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate whether closed suction drainage (CSD) is associated with early recovery of knee function in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
methodsBetween January 2015 and September 2015, 80 consecutive patients were prospectively randomized into two groups: a CSD group (40 cases; average age, 66.9 ± 8.6 years; male, 8; female, 32) and a non-CSD group (40 cases; average age, 66.8 ± 10.1 years; male, 9; female, 31). Local inflammation outcomes (assessed by a visual analog scale [VAS], swelling and skin temperature), calculated total blood loss (CBL), hidden blood loss (HBL), blood transfusion requirements and hemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scores, range of motion (ROM), limb swelling, tension vesicles, ecchymosis, time to regaining straight leg raising and duration of hospital stay were documented. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon and followed up for 3 months.
resultsThe peri-wound skin temperature and knee VAS pain scores were lower in the non-CSD group. Patients in the non-CSD group had significantly better knee ROM (P = 0.028). The time to regaining active straight leg raising was significantly shorter in the non-CSD groupN than in the CSD group (P = 0.014). In addition, patients in the non-CSD group had a shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.004) than those in the CSD group, indicating earlier recovery of knee function. HBL was significantly less in the CSD group than the non-CSD group (P = 0.006) on postoperative day (POD) 5. However, CBL did not differ significantly between the two groups on POD5. There were no significant differences between two groups in all other assessed variables.
conclusionIn this randomized study, primary TKA without CSD was associated with faster recovery related to less local inflammation and better early knee function. Furthermore, use of a drain had no significant advantage with respect to other outcome measures and may have increased costs. Based on these data, CSD after primary TKA is not routinely indicated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.