ArticleThe patient2017
What Outcomes are Important for Gout Patients? In-Depth Qualitative Research into the Gout Patient Experience to Determine Optimal Endpoints for Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions.
Article in The patient, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin-1β inhibitors for the management of acute gout flares: a systematic literature review.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of a footwear intervention on foot pain and disability in people with gout: a randomised controlled trial.Arthritis research & therapy · 2019Trial
- Stigma, lost autonomy, reclaimed identity, and uncertainty around safe movement: a qualitative interview study of physical activity in gout.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Understanding data visualization techniques in qualitative studies used to develop and validate patient-reported outcome measures: a targeted literature review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- Article
- Patient Experience with Chronic Refractory Gout and Its Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life: Literature Review and Qualitative Analysis.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
- The role of acid-sensing ion channels in monosodium urate-induced gouty pain in mice.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2024Article
- The Patient Experience of Gout Remission: A Qualitative Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2023Article
- Dysuricemia-A New Concept Encompassing Hyperuricemia and Hypouricemia.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Regulation of TRPV1 channel in monosodium urate-induced gouty arthritis in mice.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Article
- Flare Rate Thresholds for Patient Assessment of Disease Activity States in Gout.The Journal of rheumatology · 2021Article
- "An apple pie a day does not keep the doctor away": Fictional depictions of gout in contemporary film and television.BMC rheumatology · 2021Article
- Better outcomes for patients with gout.Inflammopharmacology · 2020Article
- Development of a multivariable improvement measure for gout.Arthritis research & therapy · 2020Article
- Combined Use of Febuxostat and Colchicine Does Not Increase Acute Hepatotoxicity in Patients with Gout: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- The impact of gout as described by patients, using the lens of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): a qualitative study.BMC rheumatology · 2020Article
- The footwear experiences of people with gout: a qualitative study.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2019Article
- The challenges of gout flare reporting: mapping flares during a randomized controlled trial.BMC rheumatology · 2019Article
- Impact of pegloticase on patient outcomes in refractory gout: current perspectives.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2018Review
- Patient considerations in the management of gout and role of combination treatment with lesinurad.Patient related outcome measures · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesCharacterized by sudden onset of severe joint pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness to touch, gout 'flare ups' have a substantial impact on quality of life (QoL). This research employed a patient-centered approach to explore the symptoms and impacts of gout, and assess the content validity of existing patient-reported outcomes (PROs).
methodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 30 US gout patients (non-tophaceous: n = 20, tophaceous: n = 10) and five expert rheumatologists. Each interview included both concept elicitation (CE) questioning to learn about the patient experience and cognitive debriefing to assess the content validity of three PRO instruments (HAQ-DI, GAQ, and TIQ-20). Nine of the patients provided further real-time qualitative data through a smart phone application. All qualitative data were subject to thematic analysis using Atlas.ti. Two patient advisors and three expert clinicians were engaged as advisors at key stages throughout the research.
resultsInterview and real-time data identified the same core symptoms and proximal impact concepts. Severe pain (typically in joints of extremities) was described as the cardinal symptom, often accompanied by swelling, redness, heat, sensitivity to touch, and stiffness. Domains of QoL impacted included physical functioning, sleep, daily activities, and work. The PRO instruments were generally well-understood by patients, but each included items with questionable relevance to at least some of the sample, dependent on the specific joints affected.
conclusionsGout patients experience severe pain in affected joints, resulting in substantial limitations in physical functioning. Both the HAQ-DI and the TIQ-20 are useful for specific research purposes in the gout population, although modifications are recommended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.