ArticlePediatric research2016
Glandular breast tissue volume by magnetic resonance imaging in 100 healthy peripubertal girls: evaluation of clinical Tanner staging.
Article in Pediatric research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04665713 (Effect of Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity(Body Mass Index (BMI)) on Efficacy of Herbal Medicines(ZiYinXieHuo) in Girls' Sexual Precocity
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine Management of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents: Expert Opinion of the ESPE Working Group on Gender Incongruence and the Endo-ERN Main Thematic Group on Sexual Development and Maturation.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Secular trends in age at pubertal onset assessed by breast development among Chinese girls: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Association of Infant Physical Development and Rapid Growth With Pubertal Onset Among Girls in Rural China.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Tanner stages of thelarche in relation to anthropometric and ultrasound predictors in premenarcheal girls.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Palpation vs Ultrasonography Assessments of Infant Breast Buds: Considerations for Minipuberty Studies.Pediatrics open science · 2026Article
- Early puberty: a review on its role as a risk factor for metabolic and mental disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Reference Curves for Pediatric Endocrinology: Leveraging Biomarker Z-Scores for Clinical Classifications.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Pubarche and Gonadarche Onset and Progression Are Differently Associated With Birth Weight and Infancy Growth Patterns.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2021Article
- Hormone References for Ultrasound Breast Staging and Endocrine Profiling to Detect Female Onset of Puberty.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Breast development and satisfaction in women with disorders/differences of sex development.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2019Article
- Anthropometry, DXA, and leptin reflect subcutaneous but not visceral abdominal adipose tissue on MRI in 197 healthy adolescents.Pediatric research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAppearance of glandular breast tissue may be difficult to distinguish from fat tissue by palpation, especially in obese girls. To our knowledge, validation of the clinical assessment of pubertal breast stages by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has never been performed. Our objective was to report normative data of glandular breast tissue volume and validate the clinical evaluation of pubertal breast staging by MRI of breast tissue and to evaluate circulating reproductive hormone levels and estrogen-dependent transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) parameters as markers of glandular breast tissue.
methodsGlandular breast tissue volume quantified by MRI and breast stage evaluation was performed in 100 healthy peripubertal girls. Circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), inhibin B, and estradiol were measured by immunoassays. Ovarian volume, uterine volume, and endometrial thickness were assessed by TAUS.
resultsGlandular breast tissue volume was positively associated with Tanner stages (r = 0.858, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of breast palpation to detect presence of glandular breast tissue using MRI as gold standard were 96 and 95%, respectively. The best parameters to distinguish prepubertal girls from girls with breast development were: LH (area under the curve (AUC) by receiver operating characteristic analysis = 0.871), inhibin B (AUC = 0.847) and estradiol (AUC = 0.830).
conclusionClinical palpation reliably detects the presence of glandular breast tissue.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.