SynthesisCancer medicine2016
Blood concentrations of carotenoids and retinol and lung cancer risk: an update of the WCRF-AICR systematic review of published prospective studies.
Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating Causal Associations of Circulating Micronutrients Concentrations with the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Blood concentrations of carotenoids and retinol and lung cancer risk: an update of the WCRF-AICR systematic review of published prospective studies.Cancer medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Serum Retinol and Risk of Overall and Site-Specific Cancer in the ATBC Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Trial
- Lycopene, Carotenoids, and Retinoids in Cancer Chemoprevention: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Tumour promotion through the lens of evolution.Nature · 2026Review
- Association between new dietary index for gut microbiota and lung cancer: A population-based study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Carotenoids Modulate FoxO-Induced Cell Cycle Awrrest in Human Cancer Cell Lines: A Scoping Review.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between fruit intake and non-small cell lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.Translational lung cancer research · 2024Article
- The Efficacy of Dietary Intake, Supplementation, and Blood Concentrations of Carotenoids in Cancer Prevention: Insights from an Umbrella Meta-Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Lycopene for Food Preservation and Shelf-Life Extension.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Interaction between retinol intake and ISX rs5755368 polymorphism in colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in a Korean population.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention-Review on Epidemiological Data and Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Potential Role of Natural Antioxidant Products in Oncological Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Protective Anticancer Effect of Natural Lycopene Supercritical COAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antitumor Potential of Immunomodulatory Natural Products.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Review
- Recent insights into the biological and pharmacological activity of lycopene.EXCLI journal · 2022Article
- New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Recent Progress in Discovering the Role of Carotenoids and Their Metabolites in Prostatic Physiology and Pathology with a Focus on Prostate Cancer-A Review-Part I: Molecular Mechanisms of Carotenoid Action.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Lycopene: A Critical Review of Digestion, Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carotenoids and retinol are considered biomarkers of fruits and vegetables intake, and are of much interest because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, there is inconsistent evidence regarding their protective effects against lung cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies of blood concentrations of carotenoids and retinol, and lung cancer risk. We identified relevant prospective studies published up to December 2014 by searching the PubMed and several other databases. We calculated summary estimates of lung cancer risk for the highest compared with lowest carotenoid and retinol concentrations and dose-response meta-analyses using random effects models. We used fractional polynomial models to assess potential nonlinear relationships. Seventeen prospective studies (18 publications) including 3603 cases and 458,434 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Blood concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, total carotenoids, and retinol were significantly inversely associated with lung cancer risk or mortality. The summary relative risk were 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.80) per 5 μg/100 mL of α-carotene (studies [n] = 5), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76-0.94) per 20 μg/100 mL of β-carotene (n = 9), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.54-0.81) per 100 μg/100 mL of total carotenoids (n = 4), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73-0.90) per 70 μg/100 mL of retinol (n = 8). In stratified analysis by sex, the significant inverse associations for β-carotene and retinol were observed only in men and not in women. Nonlinear associations were observed for β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene, with stronger associations observed at lower concentrations. There were not enough data to conduct stratified analyses by smoking. In conclusion, higher blood concentrations of several carotenoids and retinol are associated with reduced lung cancer risk. Further studies in never and former smokers are needed to rule out confounding by smoking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.