ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2016
Macrophage heterogeneity in the context of rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 347 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
347 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 659 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in the Treatment and Management of Immunomodulatory Disorders.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Pooled it
- β2-adrenergic receptor agonist regulates macrophage polarization via HMGB1 in immune thrombocytopenia.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Biomimetic M2 exosome-based dual-drug nanoplatform for combined immunomodulation and bone protection in rheumatoid arthritis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Bioactive Conjugate Based on Bacterial Protein Toxins for Targeted Down-Modulation of Macrophage Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolic exhaustion and immune ageing in rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Article
- An Implantable Optogenetics-Engineered Hydrogel for Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis through Light-Controlled Metabolic Reprogramming of Synovial Macrophages.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Identification of potential key efferocytosis-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis using machine learning.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Metabolic and neuroimmune control of rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic implications of FXR and α7-nAChR axes.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Hematopoiesis could be improved by correcting aberrant bone marrow macrophages polarization in aplastic anemia patients.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis and macrophage polarization: mechanisms, interplay, and implications for medical applications.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Targeting CCR1-mediated macrophage phenotypic switching to alleviate bladder pain and urinary dysfunction in interstitial cystitis.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Biomimetic hybrid nanoparticles for dual regulation of macrophage pyroptosis and metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Human Breast Milk-Derived Exosomes on Myeloid Cells and Chondrocytes.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Chikungunya virus persists in joint-associated macrophages and promotes chronic disease in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Advances in Yeast Glucan Particles for Oral Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2026Review
- Macrophage metabolic exhaustion and PANoptotic cell death drive chronic tissue inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.Immunity · 2026Article
- pH-Responsive Cinnamaldehyde-Arginine Nanoprodrug for Targeted Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy via Antioxidant Activity and Macrophage Reprogramming.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Role of macrophages and dendritic cells in autoimmune diseases: a specific focus on tumor necrosis factor targeting therapies against rheumatoid arthritis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Pathogenic Drivers of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis: Synovium and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
287 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are very important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The increase in the number of sublining macrophages in the synovium is an early hallmark of active rheumatic disease, and high numbers of macrophages are a prominent feature of inflammatory lesions. The degree of synovial macrophage infiltration correlates with the degree of joint erosion, and depletion of these macrophages from inflamed tissue has a profound therapeutic benefit. Research has now uncovered an unexpectedly high level of heterogeneity in macrophage origin and function, and has emphasized the role of environmental factors in their functional specialization. Although the heterogeneous populations of macrophages in RA have not been fully characterized, preliminary results in mouse models of arthritis have contributed to our understanding of the phenotype and ontogeny of synovial macrophages, and to deciphering the properties of monocyte-derived infiltrating and tissue-resident macrophages. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive polarization of macrophages towards proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes could lead to identification of signalling pathways that inform future therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.