Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27383068›Full record

SynthesisPloS one2016

Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nathan R Hill, Samuel T Fatoba, Jason L Oke, Jennifer A Hirst, Christopher A O'Callaghan, Daniel S Lasserson, F D Richard Hobbs

6 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,892 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,892citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
176.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04527640 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Synbiotics Supplementation on the Concentration of the Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate, Symptoms of Constipation, and Constipation-related Quality of Life in End-stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

TypeinterventionalSponsorIndonesia UniversityRan2020 to 2021Enrolled60ConditionsConstipation, End Stage Renal Disease on DialysisArmsSynbiotics containing Lactobacillus acidophilus & Bifidobacterium longum 5x10^9 CFU and FOS 60 mg, Placebo
NCT06056466 completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

A Prospective, Observational, Non-interventional, Single-center Study to Analyze the Relationship Between Different Vascular and Renal Parameters in Living Kidney Donors With 1 Year Follow-up

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical SchoolRan2019 to 2024Enrolled25ConditionsRenal Injury
NCT06311240 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Chronic Pain in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in Hemodialysis

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorCardenal Herrera UniversityRan2024 to 2024Enrolled40ConditionsChronic Pain, Chronic Kidney Disease
NCT06401135 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Different Inspiratory Muscle Training Protocols on Functional Exercise Capacity and Respiratory and Peripheral Muscle Strength in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorMustafa Kemal UniversityRan2021 to 2022Enrolled47ConditionsChronic Kidney Diseases, Inspiratory Muscle Training, Exercise CapacityArmsInspiratory muscle training
NCT06759376 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Vibration Massage and Static Stretching Exercise on Intradialytic Muscle Cramp and Salivary Cortisol Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorFigen AkayRan2025 to 2026Enrolled30ConditionsChronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, StressArmsVibration massage, Static stretching exercise, Usual Care
NCT06780865 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Protection of Renal Function by Antihypertensive Treatment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Isolated Nighttime Hypertension

TypeinterventionalSponsorShanghai Institute of HypertensionRan2025 to 2028Enrolled200ConditionsChronic Kidney Disease(CKD), Nocturnal HypertensionArmsAntihypertensive treatment with Arotinolol or Amlodipine or Clonidine, Placebo-controlled group
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,892 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,917 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Effect of semaglutide on COVID-19 and other infections: an analysis from the FLOW randomized clinical trial.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026
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1,832 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nathan R HillNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7927-8678
Samuel T FatobaNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Jason L OkeNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Jennifer A HirstNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Christopher A O'CallaghanNuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Daniel S LassersonNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
F D Richard HobbsNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
University of Oxford · GB

Funding

Department of Health 12/01/52Department of Health IS-SPC-0514-10043Medical Research Council G116/165
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with a high economic cost to health systems and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). All stages of CKD are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality, and/or decreased quality of life. CKD is usually asymptomatic until later stages and accurate prevalence data are lacking. Thus we sought to determine the prevalence of CKD globally, by stage, geographical location, gender and age. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies estimating CKD prevalence in general populations was conducted through literature searches in 8 databases. We assessed pooled data using a random effects model. Of 5,842 potential articles, 100 studies of diverse quality were included, comprising 6,908,440 patients. Global mean(95%CI) CKD prevalence of 5 stages 13·4%(11·7-15·1%), and stages 3-5 was 10·6%(9·2-12·2%). Weighting by study quality did not affect prevalence estimates. CKD prevalence by stage was Stage-1 (eGFR>90+ACR>30): 3·5% (2·8-4·2%); Stage-2 (eGFR 60-89+ACR>30): 3·9% (2·7-5·3%); Stage-3 (eGFR 30-59): 7·6% (6·4-8·9%); Stage-4 = (eGFR 29-15): 0·4% (0·3-0·5%); and Stage-5 (eGFR<15): 0·1% (0·1-0·1%). CKD has a high global prevalence with a consistent estimated global CKD prevalence of between 11 to 13% with the majority stage 3. Future research should evaluate intervention strategies deliverable at scale to delay the progression of CKD and improve CVD outcomes.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionFemaleGlobal HealthHumansMaleObservational Studies as TopicPrevalenceQuality of LifeRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID27383068
PMCPMC4934905
OpenAlexW2470481127

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.