ReviewCureus2016
Hypertonicity: Pathophysiologic Concept and Experimental Studies.
Review in Cureus, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The U-shaped association between serum osmolality and 28-day mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure: a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Lactic Acid-Loaded Hydrogels for Post-Episiotomy Wound Healing: Microenvironment Engineering and Regenerative Strategies-A Narrative Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Elevated serum osmolarity is associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with cardiac arrest.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Trajectory of serum osmolality changes and 28-day mortality risk in patients with sepsis-associated delirium based on the MIMIC-IV database.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Osmotic pressure-induced calcium response states.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Association of serum osmolality levels with all-cause mortality risk in patients with DKA.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Non-uniform impact of extracellular osmotic variations at subcellular level.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- The U-shaped relationship between serum osmolality and the risk of sepsis-associated delirium development: a retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Analysis of the correlation between the group-based trajectory modeling of serum osmolality and prognosis in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy at 72 h after admission.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen and Delirium in Critically Ill Elderly Patients Without Kidney Diseases: A Retrospective Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Association between osmolality trajectories and mortality in patients with sepsis: a group-based trajectory model in large ICU open access databases.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The U-shaped association between serum osmolality and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study.Infection · 2024Article
- Calanus finmarchicus hydrolysate improves growth performance in feeding trial with European sea bass juveniles and increases skeletal muscle growth in cell studies.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Rapid and reversible optical switching of cell membrane area by an amphiphilic azobenzene.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Pseudohyponatremia: Mechanism, Diagnosis, Clinical Associations and Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Edelman Revisited: Concepts, Achievements, and Challenges.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Computational Modelling of Glucose Uptake by SGLT1 and Apical GLUT2 in the Enterocyte.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Dialysis-associated hyperglycemia: manifestations and treatment.International urology and nephrology · 2020Review
- Serum Sodium Concentration and Tonicity in Hyperglycemic Crises: Major Influences and Treatment Implications.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Disturbances in tonicity (effective osmolarity) are the major clinical disorders affecting cell volume. Cell shrinking secondary to hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and even death. Quantitative management of hypertonic disorders is based on formulas computing the volume of hypotonic fluids required to correct a given level of hypertonicity. These formulas have limitations. The major limitation of the predictive formulas is that they represent closed system calculations and have been tested in anuric animals. Consequently, the formulas do not account for ongoing fluid losses during development or treatment of the hypertonic disorders. In addition, early comparisons of serum osmolality changes predicted by these formulas and observed in animals infused with hypertonic solutions clearly demonstrated that hypertonicity creates new intracellular solutes causing rises in serum osmolality higher than those predicted by the formulas. The mechanisms and types of intracellular solutes generated by hypertonicity and the effects of the solutes have been studied extensively in recent times. The solutes accumulated intracellularly in hypertonic states have potentially major adverse effects on the outcomes of treatment of these states. When hypertonicity was produced by the infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride solutions, the predicted and observed changes in serum sodium concentration were equal. This finding justifies the use of the predictive formulas in the management of hypernatremic states.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.