ArticleInfection and immunity2016
Burkholderia pseudomallei Rapidly Infects the Brain Stem and Spinal Cord via the Trigeminal Nerve after Intranasal Inoculation.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Central nervous system melioidosis: A systematic review of individual participant data of case reports and case series.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Formulation considerations in enhancing olfactory mucosal deposition for nose-to-brain drug delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Neurological and Systemic Manifestations of Melioidosis: A Three-Case Series From Eastern India.Cureus · 2026Article
- Micro/Nanoparticles in the Nose-Brain Axis: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Vascular-associated bacterial burden and neuroinflammatory transcriptional responses observed in models of pneumonic plague.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Methodological issue in a dental neuromelioidosis outbreak investigation-authors' reply.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Review
- Virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei ATS2021 Unintentionally Imported to United States in Aromatherapy Spray.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in central nervous system listeriosis.Neuroradiology · 2024Article
- Type VI Secretion System Accessory Protein TagAB-5 PromotesBiomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Case Report: Vagal Nerve Neuritis Associated with Pulmonary Melioidosis Provides Potential Insights into the Pathophysiology of Neuromelioidosis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- A Case of Disseminated Melioidosis With Cerebritis.Cureus · 2023Article
- Cycle-Inhibiting Factor Is Associated withBiology · 2022Article
- Chlamydia pneumoniae can infect the central nervous system via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and contributes to Alzheimer's disease risk.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial responses of peripheral and central nervous system glia against Staphylococcus aureus.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is Associated with Elevated Bile Acids in Parkinson's Disease.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Phagocytosis by Peripheral Glia: Importance for Nervous System Functions and Implications in Injury and Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Article
- Multinucleated Giant Cell Formation as a Portal to Chronic Bacterial Infections.Microorganisms · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a high mortality rate (20% in Australia and 40% in Southeast Asia). Neurological melioidosis is particularly prevalent in northern Australian patients and involves brain stem infection, which can progress to the spinal cord; however, the route by which the bacteria invade the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown. We have previously demonstrated that B. pseudomallei can infect the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within the nasal cavity following intranasal inoculation. As the trigeminal nerve projects into the brain stem, we investigated whether the bacteria could continue along this nerve to penetrate the CNS. After intranasal inoculation of mice, B. pseudomallei caused low-level localized infection within the nasal cavity epithelium, prior to invasion of the trigeminal nerve in small numbers. B. pseudomallei rapidly invaded the trigeminal nerve and crossed the astrocytic barrier to enter the brain stem within 24 h and then rapidly progressed over 2,000 μm into the spinal cord. To rule out that the bacteria used a hematogenous route, we used a capsule-deficient mutant of B. pseudomallei that does not survive in the blood and found that it also entered the CNS via the trigeminal nerve. This suggests that the primary route of entry is via the nerves that innervate the nasal cavity. We found that actin-mediated motility could facilitate initial infection of the olfactory epithelium. Thus, we have demonstrated that B. pseudomallei can rapidly infect the brain and spinal cord via the trigeminal nerve branches that innervate the nasal cavity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.