Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27381680›Full record

SynthesisCancer research2016

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Aerobic Exercise on Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: A Critical Systematic Review of In Vivo Preclinical Data.

Kathleen A Ashcraft, Ralph M Peace, Allison S Betof, Mark W Dewhirst, Lee W Jones

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Cancer research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07267000 (EXERCISE AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN LUNG CANCER), which is not on this map. Cited by 129 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
129citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07267000 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Exercise and the immune response in lung cancer

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of GrazRan2026 to 2029Enrolled50ConditionsNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Exercise Training, Immunotherapy, Small Cell Cancer Of The LungArmsExercise, Control
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

129 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  5. The effect of aerobic exercise on tumour blood delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Trial
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  13. Exercise therapy in cancer prevention and treatment.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Exercise and CD8Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kathleen A AshcraftDuke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Ralph M PeaceDuke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Allison S BetofMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Mark W DewhirstDuke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. jonesl3@mskcc.org mark.dewhirst@duke.edu.
Lee W JonesMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. jonesl3@mskcc.org mark.dewhirst@duke.edu.
Duke Medical Center · USHarvard University · US

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Hongbiao Carl Lekaye · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Heat And Radiation Effects On Tumor MicrocirulationR01CA040355 · NCI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI DEWHIRST, MARK WESLEY · 1985 to 2013
$4.5M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R01 CA040355
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A major objective of the emerging field of exercise-oncology research is to determine the efficacy of, and biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects cancer incidence, progression, and/or metastasis. There is a strong inverse association between self-reported exercise and the primary incidence of several forms of cancer; similarly, emerging data suggest that exercise exposure after a cancer diagnosis may improve outcomes for early-stage breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. Arguably, critical next steps in the development of exercise as a candidate treatment in cancer control require preclinical studies to validate the biological efficacy of exercise, identify the optimal "dose", and pinpoint mechanisms of action. To evaluate the current evidence base, we conducted a critical systematic review of in vivo studies investigating the effects of exercise in cancer prevention and progression. Studies were evaluated on the basis of tumor outcomes (e.g., incidence, growth, latency, metastasis), dose-response, and mechanisms of action, when available. A total of 53 studies were identified and evaluated on tumor incidence (n = 24), tumor growth (n = 33), or metastasis (n = 10). We report that the current evidence base is plagued by considerable methodologic heterogeneity in all aspects of study design, endpoints, and efficacy. Such heterogeneity precludes meaningful comparisons and conclusions at present. To this end, we provide a framework of methodologic and data reporting standards to strengthen the field to guide the conduct of high-quality studies required to inform translational, mechanism-driven clinical trials. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4032-50. ©2016 AACR.

Indexed as

ExerciseDisease ProgressionHumansNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasmsTumor Microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID27381680
PMCPMC5378389
OpenAlexW2473034500

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.