ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2016
Consumption of soy foods and isoflavones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of three US cohorts.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Plant-Based Drinks on Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Soy Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Red meat consumption and risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Associations of Total Legume, Pulse, and Soy Consumption with Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Federated Meta-Analysis of 27 Studies from Diverse World Regions.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Dietary Protein Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: ADose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Associations between Dietary Pulses Alone or with Other Legumes and Cardiometabolic Disease Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Associations between Phytoestrogens, Glucose Homeostasis, and Risk of Diabetes in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Pooled it
- Dietary Protein Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Converting Equol Nonproducers to Producers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- [Nutrition recommendations for people with diabetes (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Associations between dietary isoflavones and subtypes intakes and the risk of new-onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study from the Chinese health and nutrition survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of Consumption of Non-fermented and Fermented Soy Foods with Obesity in Korean Adults: Analysis of Data from the KoGES-HEXA Study.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Sex-specific associations between dietary legume subtypes and type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study.Epidemiology and health · 2024Article
- Evidence of Flavonoids on Disease Prevention.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Inverse association between isoflavones and prediabetes risk: evidence from NHANES 2007-2010 and 2017-2018.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- [Nutrition for diabetic patients (Update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Article
- Micro ribonucleic acid-363 regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/threonine protein kinase axis by targeting NOTCH1 and forkhead box C2, leading to hepatic glucose and lipids metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Genistein-Opportunities Related to an Interesting Molecule of Natural Origin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesEvidence regarding the consumption of soy foods and isoflavones in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is scarce. Our study was to evaluate the association between soy food and isoflavone consumption and risk of T2D in US men and women. SUBJECTS/
methodsWe followed 63 115 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1998-2012), 79 061 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (1999-2013) and 21 281 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (2002-2010). Diet was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire and was updated every 4 years. Self-reports of incident T2D were confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire.
resultsDuring 1 966 321 person-years of follow-up, 9185 incident T2D cases were documented. After multivariate adjustment for covariates, consumption of soy foods (tofu and soy milk) was not associated with a lower T2D risk. Compared with non-consumers of soy foods, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.07) for <1 serving/week and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.03) for ⩾1 serving/week of soy foods (P for trend=0.14). In contrast, intake of total isoflavones was inversely associated with T2D risk. Comparing extreme quintiles of isoflavones, the HR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.96; P for trend=0.009). Inverse associations were also found for consumption of major individual isoflavones, including daidzein and genistein, with risk of T2D.
conclusionsIntake of isoflavones was associated with a modestly lower T2D risk in US men and women who typically consumed low-to-moderate amounts of soy foods. These findings warrant replications in other populations with similar soy intake levels.
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