ArticleFrontiers in plant science2016
Mixed Nodule Infection in Sinorhizobium meliloti-Medicago sativa Symbiosis Suggest the Presence of Cheating Behavior.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibition of rhizobial cheaters by the host Medicago truncatula involves repression of symbiotic functions and induction of defense.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Enhanced biological nitrogen fixation and nodulation in alfalfa through the synergistic interactions between Sinorhizobium meliloti and Priestia aryabhattai.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Review
- Atypical rhizobia trigger nodulation and pathogenesis on the same legume hosts.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Host-imposed control mechanisms in legume-rhizobia symbiosis.Nature microbiology · 2024Review
- Advanced microscopy resolves dynamic localization patterns of stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (SIMK) during alfalfa root hair interactions with Ensifer meliloti.Journal of experimental botany · 2023Article
- The role of microbial interactions on rhizobial fitness.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- Legume-nodulating rhizobia are widespread in soils and plants across the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i.PloS one · 2023Article
- Scent of a Symbiont: The Personalized Genetic Relationships of Rhizobium-Plant Interaction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- The impact of intra-specific diversity in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2021Article
- Pangenomics of the Symbiotic Rhizobiales. Core and Accessory Functions Across a Group Endowed with High Levels of Genomic Plasticity.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Nonadditive Transcriptomic Signatures of Genotype-by-Genotype Interactions during the Initiation of Plant-Rhizobium Symbiosis.mSystems · 2021Article
- Competition, Nodule Occupancy, and Persistence of Inoculant Strains: Key Factors in theFrontiers in plant science · 2021Review
- Fine-Scale Patterns of Genetic Structure in the Host PlantPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Symbiotic and Nonsymbiotic Members of the Genus Ensifer (syn. Sinorhizobium) Are Separated into Two Clades Based on Comparative Genomics and High-Throughput Phenotyping.Genome biology and evolution · 2020Article
- Exploiting Biological Nitrogen Fixation: A Route Towards a Sustainable Agriculture.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of the symbiosis between a leguminous plant and a nitrogen-fixing bacterium.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Legume-rhizobium symbiotic promiscuity and effectiveness do not affect plant invasiveness.Annals of botany · 2017Article
- Role and Regulation of ACC Deaminase Gene inFrontiers in genetics · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes, host plants can form symbiotic root nodules with multiple rhizobial strains, potentially showing different symbiotic performances in nitrogen fixation. Here, we investigated the presence of mixed nodules, containing rhizobia with different degrees of mutualisms, and evaluate their relative fitness in the Sinorhizobium meliloti-Medicago sativa model symbiosis. We used three S. meliloti strains, the mutualist strains Rm1021 and BL225C and the non-mutualist AK83. We performed competition experiments involving both in vitro and in vivo symbiotic assays with M. sativa host plants. We show the occurrence of a high number (from 27 to 100%) of mixed nodules with no negative effect on both nitrogen fixation and plant growth. The estimation of the relative fitness as non-mutualist/mutualist ratios in single nodules shows that in some nodules the non-mutualist strain efficiently colonized root nodules along with the mutualist ones. In conclusion, we can support the hypothesis that in S. meliloti-M. sativa symbiosis mixed nodules are formed and allow non-mutualist or less-mutualist bacterial partners to be less or not sanctioned by the host plant, hence allowing a potential form of cheating behavior to be present in the nitrogen fixing symbiosis.
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