Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27378994›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2016

The Relationship between Expertise in Sports, Visuospatial, and Basic Cognitive Skills.

Holger Heppe, Axel Kohler, Marie-Therese Fleddermann, Karen Zentgraf

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Holger HeppeDepartment of Human Performance and Training in Sports, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of MünsterMünster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany.
Axel KohlerOtto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany; Institute of Psychology, University of MünsterMünster, Germany.
Marie-Therese FleddermannDepartment of Human Performance and Training in Sports, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster Münster, Germany.
Karen ZentgrafDepartment of Human Performance and Training in Sports, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of MünsterMünster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of MünsterMünster, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Team sports place high demands on visuospatial and other cognitive skills. However, there is a lack of research on visuospatial skills of elite athletes and there are heterogeneous results on basic cognitive skills of this population. Therefore, this series of studies tested different cognitive skills in elite team sports athletes. In Experiment 1, elite athletes were compared to recreational athletes, but no differences were observed between the groups in choice response time (CRT) and mental rotation (MR). To see if differences could be observed when the tested groups had a greater difference in expertise and more representative stimuli, in Experiment 2, we tested CRT and MR of elite athletes who had higher level of expertise, and we also used three-dimensional human stimuli. Overall, we still found no differences in MR; however, elite athletes did have shorter CRTs. In Experiment 3, instead of testing MR, we compared elite athletes' and recreational athletes' basic cognitive skills, such as processing speed, letter readout speed, memory span, and sustained attention. We found that elite athletes only performed better in sustained attention. Building on this data, in a supplementary analysis (Experiment 4) we tested whether MR and CRTs are correlated with basic cognitive skills. Results show that processing speed is the best predictor for MR, whereas letter readout speed explains most of the variance in CRTs. Finally, we discuss these findings against the backdrop of expertise and offer implications for future studies on mental rotation.

Indexed as

basic cognitive skillschoice response timemental rotationsport expertisevisuospatial performance

Identifiers

PMID27378994
PMCPMC4911412

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.