ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2016
Long-term use of calcium channel blocking drugs and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of US and Puerto Rican women.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reverse Onco-Cardiology: What Is the Evidence for Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Hypertension and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Depression, antidepressant use, and breast cancer incidence in the Sister Study cohort.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- The L-type calcium channel CaV1.3: A potential target for cancer therapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Onco-Hypertension: A Continuously Developing Field between Cancer and Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Diltiazem inhibits breast cancer metastasis via mediating growth differentiation factor 15 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Oncogenesis · 2022Article
- Amlodipine inhibits proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of breast cancer cells.Biomedical reports · 2022Article
- Calcium Channel Blocker Use and the Risk for Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.Cancers · 2022Article
- Targeting Ion Channels for Cancer Treatment: Current Progress and Future Challenges.Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology · 2022Review
- Review
- Nicardipine Inhibits Breast Cancer MigrationFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Association Between Antihypertensive Medication Use and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular Drug Use and Risk of Actinic Keratosis: A Case-Control Study.Dermatology and therapy · 2020Article
- New drugs are not enough‑drug repositioning in oncology: An update.International journal of oncology · 2020Review
- Amplification of a calcium channel subunit CACNG4 increases breast cancer metastasis.EBioMedicine · 2020Article
- Alcohol and DNA Methylation: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study in Blood and Normal Breast Tissue.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- [Calcium channel blocker diltizem transiently inhibits migration and up-regulates metadherin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cellsNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2019Article
- Antihypertensive drug use and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn a recent case-control study, long-term use of calcium channel blocking drugs was associated with a greater-than-twofold increased breast cancer risk. If prospectively collected data confirm that calcium channel blocker use increases breast cancer risk, this would have major implications for hypertension treatment. The objective of this study was to determine whether women using calcium channel blockers for 10 years or more were at increased risk of developing breast cancer compared with women not using calcium channel blockers.
methodsThe Sister Study is a prospective volunteer cohort study of women from the USA and Puerto Rico designed to evaluate environmental and genetic risk factors for breast cancer. Beginning in 2003, women between the ages of 35 and 74 were recruited. They were eligible to participate if they had a sister with breast cancer but had not been diagnosed with breast cancer themselves. In total, 50,884 women enrolled in the cohort between 2003 and 2009; 50,757 women with relevant baseline data and available follow-up data are included in this study. The exposure of interest is current use of calcium channel blocking drugs and the reported duration of use at entry into the cohort. Secondary exposures of interest were the duration and frequency of use for all other subclasses of antihypertensive drugs. Our main outcome is a self-reported diagnosis of breast cancer during the study follow-up period. With patient permission, self-reported diagnoses were confirmed using medical records.
resultsResults showed 15,817 participants were currently using an antihypertensive drug, and 3316 women were currently using a calcium channel blocker at study baseline; 1965 women reported a breast cancer diagnosis during study follow-up. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we found no increased risk of breast cancer among women who had been using calcium channel blockers for 10 years or more compared with never users of calcium channel blockers (HR 0.88, 95 % CI 0.58-1.33).
conclusionsWe saw no evidence of increased risk of breast cancer from 10 years or more of current calcium channel blocker use. Our results do not support avoiding calcium channel blocking drugs in order to reduce breast cancer risk.
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