ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2016
Hormone concentrations throughout uncomplicated pregnancies: a longitudinal study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy as a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
- The Role and Regulation of Intramuscular Sex Hormones in Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of associations between hormone levels in hair and peripartum depression.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Guidelines for assessing maternal cardiovascular physiology during pregnancy and postpartum.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Guideline
- Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy: a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature.Neurosurgical review · 2021Pooled it
- Oxytocin and postpartum depression: A systematic review.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Reproductive state and choline intake influence enrichment of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: aThe British journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Cortisol drives pregnancy-associated induction of hepatic organic anion transporter 2, sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, and organic cation transporter 1 in HepaRG cells through glucocorticoid receptor-, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha-, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha-dependent signaling.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2026Article
- Maternal undernutrition in the first eighty days of gestation negatively programs ovarian development in dairy calves†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- Vascular health and exercise in females throughout the lifespan: Exploring puberty, pregnancy and menopause.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Female reproductive status and ecological conditions impact the magnitude of sex differences in human immune status across the lifespan.Research square · 2026Article
- Reduced folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) protein expression in fallopian tubes from premenopausal women: implications for the FOLR1 CDx assay for mirvetuximab-soravtansine therapy.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2026Article
- Regulation of Human Renal Transporters by Pregnancy-Related Hormones in Primary Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Number of Live Births as a Protective Factor Against Clinical and Covert Brain Infarcts: The Framingham Heart Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Towards microbiome-informed strategies for predicting and preventing pregnancy complications.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Sex differences in preterm cytokine and inflammasome responses and modulation by exogenous sex steroids.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Associations of lifetime cumulative estrogen exposure with lifecourse social exposures, cognitive decline, and dementia risk among postmenopausal White, Black, and Latina women.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Third-trimester estradiol is associated with isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia and attenuated TSH-FT4 coupling: evidence from rats and human astrocytes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of longitudinal changes in choroidal thickness during pregnancy and postpartum using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- A cellular basis for heightened gut sensitivity in females.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEvidence suggests that the hormonal milieu of pregnancy is an important determinant of subsequent cancer and other chronic diseases in both the mother and the offspring. Many of the existing maternity and birth cohorts include specimens drawn only once during pregnancy. How well a single blood specimen collected during a pregnancy characterizes exposure to these hormones throughout gestation, and also in subsequent pregnancies, is not well understood.
methodsWe used serial serum samples from 71 pregnant women (25 primiparous, 25 multiparous, and 21 with two consecutive pregnancies) with natural, complication-free pregnancies and a healthy offspring at term who participated in a population-based screening trial for congenital infections in Finland between January 1st, 1988 and June 30, 1989 and provided a blood sample in each trimester.
resultsHormone levels were more strongly correlated between consecutive trimesters of a pregnancy than between the 1st and 3rd trimester (e.g., estradiol, rT1 vs. T2 = 0.51 and rT2 vs. T3 = 0.60, p < 0.01; rT1 vs. T3 = 0.32, p < 0.05). Concentrations of sRANKL remained stable throughout gestation, whereas estradiol, estrone, progesterone, testosterone, prolactin, and osteoprotegerin increased throughout pregnancy. First trimester hormone concentrations explained less of the variation in the third trimester on their own than second trimester hormone levels (e.g. estradiol R(2) T1 = 16 % and R(2) T2 = 42 %). Addition of maternal (e.g., smoking) and/or child characteristics (e.g., sex) improved the accuracy of the 3rd trimester estimates for some of the hormones.
conclusionsOne hormone measurement in early pregnancy, in conjunction with maternal and fetal characteristics, permits estimation of 3rd trimester hormone concentrations. Therefore, single hormone measurements available from maternity cohorts are suitable to quantify hormone exposure during pregnancy. To our knowledge, we provide the first data on correlations between hormone concentrations both across trimesters of a single pregnancy, as well as between two subsequent pregnancies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.