Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27376584›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2016

Protein-retention expansion microscopy of cells and tissues labeled using standard fluorescent proteins and antibodies.

Paul W Tillberg, Fei Chen, Kiryl D Piatkevich, Yongxin Zhao, Chih-Chieh Jay Yu, Brian P English, Linyi Gao, Anthony Martorell, Ho-Jun Suk, Fumiaki Yoshida and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 363 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
363citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

363 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Years-long stability of X10 expansion microscopy hydrogels.Journal of biological engineering · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. PI(3,5)PScience advances · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. ONE microscopy.Nature protocols · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

303 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Paul W TillbergDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Fei ChenMassachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Kiryl D PiatkevichMassachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Yongxin ZhaoMassachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Chih-Chieh Jay YuMassachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Brian P EnglishJanelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4037-6294
Linyi GaoDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3579-0327
Anthony MartorellDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Ho-Jun SukMassachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Fumiaki YoshidaOsaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Ellen M DeGennaroDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5506-6451
Douglas H RoossienUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Guanyu GongDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Uthpala SeneviratneDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Steven R TannenbaumDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Robert DesimoneDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Dawen CaiUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Edward S BoydenMassachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Funding

STUDIES OF INTEGRATIVE SYSTEMST32GM007484 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI DICARLO, JAMES J · 1985 to 2017
$8.5M
Novel Platforms for Systematic Optical Control of Complex Neural Circuits In VivoR01DA029639 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BOYDEN, EDWARD S. · 2010 to 2023
$6.7M
Redesigning General Anesthesia (Admin Supp)R01GM104948 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BOYDEN, EDWARD S., BROWN, EMERY N · 2012 to 2016
$4.4M
High-throughput robotic analysis of integrated neuronal phenotypesR01EY023173 · NEI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BOYDEN, EDWARD S., FOREST, CRAIG · 2012 to 2016
$4.3M
Millisecond-Timescale Whole-Brain Neural Activity Mapping in Health and DiseaseDP1NS087724 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BOYDEN, EDWARD S. · 2013 to 2017
$3.9M
Ultra-Multiplexed Nanoscale In Situ Proteomics for Understanding Synapse TypesU01MH106011 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BATHE, MARK, BOYDEN, EDWARD S. · 2014 to 2016
$2.2M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNEI NIH HHS R01 EY023173NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA029639NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM104948NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007484NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH106011NINDS NIH HHS DP1 NS087724
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables imaging of preserved specimens with nanoscale precision on diffraction-limited instead of specialized super-resolution microscopes. ExM works by physically separating fluorescent probes after anchoring them to a swellable gel. The first ExM method did not result in the retention of native proteins in the gel and relied on custom-made reagents that are not widely available. Here we describe protein retention ExM (proExM), a variant of ExM in which proteins are anchored to the swellable gel, allowing the use of conventional fluorescently labeled antibodies and streptavidin, and fluorescent proteins. We validated and demonstrated the utility of proExM for multicolor super-resolution (∼70 nm) imaging of cells and mammalian tissues on conventional microscopes.

Indexed as

Antibodies, MonoclonalLuminescent ProteinsAnimalsBrainHEK293 CellsHeLa CellsHumansImage EnhancementMacaca mulattaMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicroscopy, FluorescenceReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityStaining and LabelingAntibodies, MonoclonalLuminescent Proteins

Identifiers

PMID27376584
PMCPMC5068827

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.