ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2016
The Cosmic Zoo: The (Near) Inevitability of the Evolution of Complex, Macroscopic Life.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Maximum Growth Temperature for Eukaryotes Is Thermodynamically Driven but Ecologically Contingent.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A reassessment of the "hard-steps" model for the evolution of intelligent life.Science advances · 2025Review
- A qualitative assessment of limits of active flight in low density atmospheres.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Growth of Biological Complexity from Prokaryotes to Hominids Reflected in the Human Genome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Evolution of default genetic control mechanisms.PloS one · 2021Article
- In Search for a Planet Better than Earth: Top Contenders for a Superhabitable World.Astrobiology · 2020Article
- Evolution of novel activation functions in neural network training for astronomy data: habitability classification of exoplanets.The European physical journal. Special topics · 2020Review
- The Naked Mole-Rat: An Unusual Organism with an Unexpected Latent Potential for Increased Intelligence?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Exoplanet Biosignatures: Future Directions.Astrobiology · 2018Review
- Novel insights into the origin and diversification of photosynthesis based on analyses of conserved indels in the core reaction center proteins.Photosynthesis research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Life on Earth provides a unique biological record from single-cell microbes to technologically intelligent life forms. Our evolution is marked by several major steps or innovations along a path of increasing complexity from microbes to space-faring humans. Here we identify various major key innovations, and use an analytical toolset consisting of a set of models to analyse how likely each key innovation is to occur. Our conclusion is that once the origin of life is accomplished, most of the key innovations can occur rather readily. The conclusion for other worlds is that if the origin of life can occur rather easily, we should live in a cosmic zoo, as the innovations necessary to lead to complex life will occur with high probability given sufficient time and habitat. On the other hand, if the origin of life is rare, then we might live in a rather empty universe.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.