ReviewBladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2015
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Treatment Failures in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: What Truly Constitutes Unresponsive Disease.
Review in Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Future science OA · 2026Review
- Durable Responses and Cystectomy Avoidance With Interleukin-15 Receptor Agonist NAI Plus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer With Carcinoma In Situ ± Papillary Disease.The Journal of urology · 2026Article
- Beyond the BCG Paradox: Biological Rationale and Clinical Evidence for Combining Intravesical BCG with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in High-Risk Non-muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Oncology and therapy · 2026Review
- Mycobacteria Treatment Inhibits Bladder Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion, and Anchorage-Independent Growth.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Outcomes of Patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Unresponsive Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer as Defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Spinal Tuberculosis Secondary to Intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin Treatment for Bladder Cancer.Cureus · 2021Article
- The Use of UrineEuropean urology open science · 2021Article
- Immunotherapy and Immunotherapy Combinations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2021Review
- Evolution of Urothelial Bladder Cancer in the Context of Molecular Classifications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Review of the Current Trend in Africa.World journal of oncology · 2019Review
- Treatment of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder with an alpha-emitter immunoconjugate targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor: a pilot study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2018Article
- Immunotherapy in genitourinary malignancies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2017Review
- Summary and Recommendations from the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Trials Planning Meeting on Novel Therapeutics for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Article
- Clinical use of nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg.Therapeutic advances in urologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the most effective intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer but will fail in up to 40% of patients. The ability to identify patients who are least likely to respond to further BCG therapy allows urologists to pursue secondary treatments more likely to convey a recurrence or survival benefit to the patient. We examined the literature to determine what constitutes BCG unresponsive disease. After review, we believe that BCG unresponsive disease should be defined as (1) patients with recurrent high grade T1 disease within 6 months of their primary tumor after at least one course of BCG or patients who have failed at least 2 courses of BCG with either (2) persistent or recurrent pure papillary (Ta) disease within 6 months or (3) persistent or recurrent carcinoma in situ (CIS) within 12 months.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.