ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2016
ERK1 and ERK2 Map Kinases: Specific Roles or Functional Redundancy?
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- What protein kinases are crucial for acantholysis and blister formation in pemphigus vulgaris? A systematic review.Journal of cellular physiology · 2022Pooled it
- KRAS is required for plexiform neurofibroma formation and represents a targetable vulnerability in established tumors.Science advances · 2026Article
- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinoxalinyl and quinolinyl derivatives as ALK5 inhibitors.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Article
- IQGAP3, the overlooked oncogenic twin of IQGAP1: mapping its interactome and functional roles across cellular signaling and cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- The transcription factor Rlm1 couples the MAPK Slt2/ERK1 pathway to the IRE1-driven unfolded protein response.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Ganglioside GM2 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells in a MEK/ERK/Egr1-dependent transcriptional program.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- INS-17 acts as a nutrient deprivation signal to mediate adult IIS-regulated associative behaviors in C. elegans.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Identification of Novel Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 Inhibitors Through Machine Learning-Driven De Novo Design, Molecular Docking, and Free-Energy Perturbation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Integrating AI-Based Clustering, Molecular Dynamics, and Binding Energy Analysis to Elucidate Conformational Dynamics and Binding Selectivity in Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 Complexes.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2026Article
- Molecular Frameworks for ERK1/2 Inhibition: Lessons from Synthetic and SAR Explorations.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Integration of human ERKs and DUSPs into the yeast cell wall integrity pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Coupling the MAPK Slt2/ERK1 Pathway and IRE1-driven UPR Through Transcription Factor Rlm1/MEF2.Research square · 2025Article
- Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: Insights from animal models.Vascular pharmacology · 2025Review
- Identification and Characterization of ERK2 Dimerization Inhibitors by Integrated In Silico and In Vitro Screening.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- INS-17, an insulin-receptor ligand, confers specificity in adult IIS-regulated phenotypes inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Spatial protein profiling reveals active roles for astrocytes in the chronic active lesion core during multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- ERK Allosteric Activation: The Importance of Two Ordered Phosphorylation Events.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Article
- The Involvement of PI3K-Akt Signaling in the Clinical and Pathological Findings of Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease-Thrombocytopenia, Anasarca, Fever, Reticulin Fibrosis, and Organomegaly and Not Otherwise Specified Subtypes.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2025Article
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The MAP kinase signaling cascade Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK has been involved in a large variety of cellular and physiological processes that are crucial for life. Many pathological situations have been associated to this pathway. More than one isoform has been described at each level of the cascade. In this review we devoted our attention to ERK1 and ERK2, which are the effector kinases of the pathway. Whether ERK1 and ERK2 specify functional differences or are in contrast functionally redundant, constitutes an ongoing debate despite the huge amount of studies performed to date. In this review we compiled data on ERK1 vs. ERK2 gene structures, protein sequences, expression levels, structural and molecular mechanisms of activation and substrate recognition. We have also attempted to perform a rigorous analysis of studies regarding the individual roles of ERK1 and ERK2 by the means of morpholinos, siRNA, and shRNA silencing as well as gene disruption or gene replacement in mice. Finally, we comment on a recent study of gene and protein evolution of ERK isoforms as a distinct approach to address the same question. Our review permits the evaluation of the relevance of published studies in the field especially when measurements of global ERK activation are taken into account. Our analysis favors the hypothesis of ERK1 and ERK2 exhibiting functional redundancy and points to the concept of the global ERK quantity, and not isoform specificity, as being the essential determinant to achieve ERK function.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.