Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27375505›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2016

Deficits in the Mimicry of Facial Expressions in Parkinson's Disease.

Steven R Livingstone, Esztella Vezer, Lucy M McGarry, Anthony E Lang, Frank A Russo

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  4. Article
  5. Effects of vocal-motor interference on vocal pitch imitation.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025
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  13. Audio and visual speech emotion activate the left pre-supplementary motor area.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2022
    Article
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  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Article
  19. Social Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Parkinson's disease · 2020
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Steven R LivingstoneDepartment of Psychology, Ryerson UniversityToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of Wisconsin-River FallsWisconsin, WI, USA; Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteToronto, ON, Canada.
Esztella VezerDepartment of Psychology, Ryerson University Toronto, ON, Canada.
Lucy M McGarryDepartment of Psychology, Ryerson University Toronto, ON, Canada.
Anthony E LangDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Centre at The Toronto Western HospitalToronto, ON, Canada.
Frank A RussoDepartment of Psychology, Ryerson UniversityToronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteToronto, ON, Canada.
Toronto Metropolitan University · CAToronto Rehabilitation Institute · CAToronto Western Hospital · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHumans spontaneously mimic the facial expressions of others, facilitating social interaction. This mimicking behavior may be impaired in individuals with Parkinson's disease, for whom the loss of facial movements is a clinical feature.

objectiveTo assess the presence of facial mimicry in patients with Parkinson's disease.

methodTwenty-seven non-depressed patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and 28 age-matched controls had their facial muscles recorded with electromyography while they observed presentations of calm, happy, sad, angry, and fearful emotions.

resultsPatients exhibited reduced amplitude and delayed onset in the zygomaticus major muscle region (smiling response) following happy presentations (patients M = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.15 to 0.18, controls M = 0.26, CI 0.14 to 0.37, ANOVA, effect size [ES] = 0.18, p < 0.001). Although patients exhibited activation of the corrugator supercilii and medial frontalis (frowning response) following sad and fearful presentations, the frontalis response to sad presentations was attenuated relative to controls (patients M = 0.05, CI -0.08 to 0.18, controls M = 0.21, CI 0.09 to 0.34, ANOVA, ES = 0.07, p = 0.017). The amplitude of patients' zygomaticus activity in response to positive emotions was found to be negatively correlated with response times for ratings of emotional identification, suggesting a motor-behavioral link (r = -0.45, p = 0.02, two-tailed).

conclusionsPatients showed decreased mimicry overall, mimicking other peoples' frowns to some extent, but presenting with profoundly weakened and delayed smiles. These findings open a new avenue of inquiry into the "masked face" syndrome of PD.

Indexed as

emotionfacial bradykinesiafacial expressionfacial maskingfacial mimicryhypomimiaParkinson's diseaserhythm

Identifiers

PMID27375505
PMCPMC4894910
OpenAlexW2409679013

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.