ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2016
Derivation and Validation of a Severity Scoring Method for the 3-Minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method--Defined Delirium.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Delirium Among Postoperative Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide CN-105 and Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients: The Phase 2 MARBLE Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Home-based Cognitive Prehabilitation in Older Surgical Patients: A Feasibility Study.Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology · 2019Trial
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- Sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and postoperative delirium: a mediation analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prevention of postoperative delirium with transcranial alternating current stimulation: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations between anaesthetic dose-adjusted intraoperative EEG alpha power, processing speed, and postoperative delirium: analysis of data from three prospective studies.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
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- Delirium Prevention and Management in Older Adults in the Emergency Department.Emergency medicine clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Research progress of postoperative delirium in neurosurgery.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
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- Article
- Effect of Fospropofol Disodium on Perioperative Neurocognitive Function in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Delirium following Non-cardiac Surgery in Older Adults.Annals of neurology · 2023Article
- A Role for Blood-brain Barrier Dysfunction in Delirium following Non-Cardiac Surgery in Older adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- One-year Medicare costs associated with delirium in older hospitalized patients with and without Alzheimer's disease dementia and related disorders.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Deconstructing delirium in the post anaesthesia care unit.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Predictors of Caregiver Burden in Delirium: Patient and Caregiver Factors.Journal of gerontological nursing · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo derive and validate a method for scoring delirium severity using a recently validated, brief, structured diagnostic interview for Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)-defined delirium (3D-CAM) and to demonstrate its agreement with the CAM Severity short form (CAM-S SF) as the reference standard.
designDerivation and validation analysis in a prospective cohort study.
settingTwo academic medical centers.
participantsIndividuals aged 70 and older enrolled in the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery Study undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery (N = 566). MEASUREMENTS: The sample was randomly divided into a derivation dataset (n = 377) and an independent validation dataset (n = 189). These datasets were used to develop a severity scoring method using the 3D-CAM based on the four-item CAM-S SF (3D-CAM-S) and evaluate agreement between the 3D-CAM-S and the traditional CAM-S SF using weighted kappa statistics.
resultsA method for scoring severity using 3D-CAM items was developed that achieved good agreement with the CAM-S SF in the derivation dataset (κ = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93-0.95). The 3D-CAM-S achieved nearly identical agreement in the independent validation dataset (κ = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.92-0.95), and 100% of 3D-CAM-S scores were within 1 point of the CAM-S SF score in both datasets. The 3D-CAM-S also strongly predicts clinical outcomes.
conclusionA newly developed method for scoring delirium severity using the 3D-CAM (the 3D-CAM-S) has excellent agreement with the CAM-S SF. This new methodology enables clinicians and researchers using the 3D-CAM for surveillance to measure delirium severity and monitor its course simultaneously by tracking changes over time. The 3D-CAM-S expands the utility of the 3D-CAM as an important tool for delirium recognition and management.
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