ArticleNeuron2016
Activation of Direct and Indirect Pathway Medium Spiny Neurons Drives Distinct Brain-wide Responses.
Article in Neuron, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Optogenetic fMRI for Brain-Wide Circuit Analysis of Sensory Processing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor regulation of human reward processing and behaviour.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Dopamine Receptor-Specific Contributions to the Computation of Value.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Striatal Activation Predicts Differential Therapeutic Responses to Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2017Trial
- Dopamine release-associated striatal blood oxygenation and whole-brain dynamics during associative learning.Science advances · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial-Epigenetic Crosstalk in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Linking Cellular Stress to Synaptic Dysfunction and Treatment Resistance.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- mRNA mProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Parkinson's Disease Patient-Specific Striatum Organoids Show Hallmarks of Increased Inflammation.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Spatially resolved translational dysregulation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Striatal output regulates the postnatal maturation of cortical circuits.Cell reports · 2025Article
- A decision-space model explains context-specific decision-making.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Striatal pathways oppositely shift cortical activity along the decision axis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Neural Correlates of Huntington's Disease Based on Electroencephalography (EEG): A Mechanistic Review and Discussion of Excitation and Inhibition (E/I) Imbalance.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Erasing "bad memories": reversing aberrant synaptic plasticity as therapy for neurological and psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Neuromodulation in Small Animal fMRI.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Review
- Histamine Modulation of the Basal Ganglia Circuitry in the Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Selective activation of mesoscale functional circuits via multichannel infrared stimulation of cortical columns in ultra-high-field 7T MRI.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Charting the path in rodent functional neuroimaging.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Delayed onset of striatal projection neuron hyperexcitability inFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A central theory of basal ganglia function is that striatal neurons expressing the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors exert opposing brain-wide influences. However, the causal influence of each population has never been measured at the whole-brain scale. Here, we selectively stimulated D1 or D2 receptor-expressing neurons while visualizing whole-brain activity with fMRI. Excitation of either inhibitory population evoked robust positive BOLD signals within striatum, while downstream regions exhibited significantly different and generally opposing responses consistent with-though not easily predicted from-contemporary models of basal ganglia function. Importantly, positive and negative signals within the striatum, thalamus, GPi, and STN were all associated with increases and decreases in single-unit activity, respectively. These findings provide direct evidence for the opposing influence of D1 and D2 receptor-expressing striatal neurons on brain-wide circuitry and extend the interpretability of fMRI studies by defining cell-type-specific contributions to the BOLD signal.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.