ReviewJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2016
Alzheimer's Disease: Assessing the Role of Spirochetes, Biofilms, the Immune System, and Amyloid-β with Regard to Potential Treatment and Prevention.
Review in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between microbiological risk factors and neurodegenerative disorders: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Pathological or preventative? Amyloid-β as an effector of innate immunity.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Bidirectional relationship between the biofilm ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The dysregulation of innate immunity by Porphyromonas gingivalis in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Chronic uropathogenic Escherichia coli infections in adolescence: in vitro analysis of clinical isolates, multidrug resistance, and in vivo hippocampal cognitive impacts.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Reexamining the Role of Amyloid β Clearance from the Brain: Exporting Labile Iron from the Interstitial Fluid Performs a Protective Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring the role of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Preventing effect of plant extracts and omega-3 on age-related cognitive decline in male mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Exploring the Link Between Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease-Could a Nanoparticulate Vaccine Break It?Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Exploring the effect of gut microbiome on Alzheimer's disease.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's disease and infectious agents: a comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms and microRNA roles.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Pathways linking microbiota-gut-brain axis with neuroinflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's pathophysiology.Microbiome research reports · 2024Review
- The oral-brain axis: can periodontal pathogens trigger the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease?Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- A review of the roles of pathogens in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Bridging the Gap between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: A Metaproteomic Approach for Biomarker Discovery in Transgenic Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Effects of gut microbiota on neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Infectious origin of Alzheimer's disease: Amyloid beta as a component of brain antimicrobial immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Oral Microbiota, Its Equilibrium and Implications in the Pathophysiology of Human Diseases: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- The Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an infectious disease caused by spirochetes, and these spirochetes form biofilms, which attract the innate immune system. The innate immune system first responder, Toll-like receptor 2, generates both NF-κB and TNF-α which try to kill the spirochetes in the biofilm, but cannot penetrate the "slime". NF-κB is also responsible for the generation of amyloid-β (Aβ) which itself is anti-microbial. Aβ cannot penetrate the biofilm either, and its accumulation leads to destruction of the cerebral neurocircuitry. Treatment with penicillin (as in tertiary syphilis, the comparator to AD) is outlined; a biofilm dispersing agent may need to be added to the protocol.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.