ReviewJournal of autoimmunity2016
Immunomodulators in SLE: Clinical evidence and immunologic actions.
Review in Journal of autoimmunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- A multianalyte assay panel with cell-bound complement activation products demonstrates clinical utility in systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects ofNarra J · 2024Trial
- Integrated metabolomic profiling identifies citrate as novel diagnostic biomarker for Anti-MDA5-Positive dermatomyositis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Beyond the blood-brain barrier: unraveling T cell subsets in CNS immunity and disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- A Rare Case of Cold Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia in Early Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Cureus · 2025Article
- Progressive Muscle Weakness and Dysphagia in Late-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Polymorphism-driven immune disruptions in Kawasaki disease across populations: decoding the role of T and B-cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Multi-omics analysis uncovered systemic lupus erythematosus and COVID-19 crosstalk.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cytokine Storm.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Treating diabetes with combination of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and hydroxychloroquine-a possible prevention strategy for COVID-19?Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
- Review
- A Narrative Review of Repository Corticotropin Injection for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Advances in therapy · 2022Review
- Serum Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Autoimmune, Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Rapid Onset and Resolution of Hydroxychloroquine Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report.Case reports in rheumatology · 2022Article
- Differentiating between UCTD and early-stage SLE: from definitions to clinical approach.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2022Review
- Dehydroepiandrostenedione sulphate (DHEAS) levels predict high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in subclinical hypothyroidism.PloS one · 2021Article
- Risk factors for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study with hydroxychloroquine blood-level analysis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2020Article
- Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview.Vaccines · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease. Current treatment strategies rely heavily on corticosteroids, which are in turn responsible for a significant burden of morbidity, and immunosuppressives which are limited by suboptimal efficacy, increased infections and malignancies. There are significant deficiencies in our immunosuppressive armamentarium, making immunomodulatory therapies crucial, offering the opportunity to prevent disease flare and the subsequent accrual of damage. Currently available immunomodulators include prasterone (synthetic dehydroeipandrosterone), vitamin D, hydroxychloroquine and belimumab. These therapies, acting via numerous cellular and cytokine pathways, have been shown to modify the aberrant immune responses associated with SLE without overt immunosuppression. Vitamin D is important in SLE and supplementation appears to have a positive impact on disease activity particularly proteinuria. Belimumab has specific immunomodulatory properties and is an effective therapy in those with specific serological and clinical characteristics predictive of response. Hydroxychloroquine is a crucial background medication in SLE with actions in many molecular pathways. It has disease specific effects in reducing flare, treating cutaneous disease and inflammatory arthralgias in addition to other effects such as reduced thrombosis, increased longevity, improved lipids, better glycemic control and blood pressure. Dehydroeipandrosterone is also an immunomodulator in SLE which can have positive effects on disease activity and has bone protective properties. This review outlines the immunologic actions of these drugs and the clinical evidence supporting their use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.