ArticleThe journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society2016
The Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Normal Human and Murine Gastrointestinal Organs and the Effect of Microbiome and Cancer.
Article in The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- The gut microbiome and allograft outcomes: implications for heart transplantation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Intestinal epithelial TLR5 signaling promotes barrier-supportive macrophages.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of toll-like receptors on food allergy: mechanisms involved and scientific evidence.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Review
- Serotonin attenuates tumor necrosis factor-induced intestinal inflammation by interacting with human mucosal tissue.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Molecular ingredients of an immunogen for long-lasting IgG.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Associations of Neonatal Dairy Calf Faecal Microbiota with Inflammatory Markers and Future Performance.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Genetic association and functional implications of TLR4 rs1927914 polymorphism on colon cancer risk.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Article
- The TLR2/TLR6 ligand FSL-1 mitigates radiation-induced hematopoietic injury in mice and nonhuman primates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Microbial sensing in the intestine.Protein & cell · 2023Review
- Striped Expression of Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins Coordinates Cell Intercalation and Compartment Boundary Formation in the EarlySymmetry · 2023Article
- Alveolar macrophages drive lung fibroblast function in cocultures of IPF and normal patient samples.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Drop the Needle; A Temperature Stable Oral Tablet Vaccine Is Protective against Respiratory Viral Pathogens.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Modeling Innate Antiviral Immunity in Physiological Context.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptor agonist combinations augment mouse T-cell anti-tumor immunity via IL-12- and interferon ß-mediated suppression of immune checkpoint receptor expression.Oncoimmunology · 2022Article
- Prebiotic Mannan Oligosaccharide Pretreatment Improves Mice Survival Against Lethal Effects of Gamma Radiation by Protecting GI Tract and Hematopoietic Systems.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Methylation Regulation ofFrontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- CpG Adjuvant in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Finding the Sweet Spot for the Induction of Immune Tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Posttranscriptional regulation of thiamin transporter-1 expression by microRNA-200a-3p in pancreatic acinar cells.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors expressed in all parts of the alimentary tract. However, analyses comparing expression in different segments and data on germ-free animals are lacking. Alimentary tract cancers show increased TLR expression. According to the field effect concept, carcinogenetic factors induce subtle cancer predisposing alterations in the whole organ. We studied TLR1 to TLR9 expression in all segments of the alimentary tract from cancer patients' tumor-adjacent normal mucosa, healthy organ donors, and conventional and germ-free mice by using immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. All TLRs were expressed in all segments of the alimentary tract. Expression was most intensive in the small intestine in humans and conventional mice, but germ-free mice showed less expression in the small intestine. TLR expression levels were similar in cancer patients and organ donors. We provide systematic baseline data on the TLR expression in the alimentary tract. Normal epithelium adjacent to tumor seems to have similar TLR expression compared with healthy tissues suggesting absence of any field effect in TLR expression. Accordingly, specimens from cancer patients' normal tumor-adjacent tissue can be used as control tissues in immunohistochemical TLR studies in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.