ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2016
Expression of CCL21 in Ewing sarcoma shows an inverse correlation with metastases and is a candidate target for immunotherapy.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mismatch repair deficiency is rare in bone and soft tissue tumors.Histopathology · 2021Pooled it
- Decoding the immune landscape in Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis: The role of tumor infiltrating immune cells and immune milieu.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy of osteosarcoma based on immune microenvironment modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Tumor immune microenvironment of cutaneous angiosarcoma with cancer testis antigens and the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Regulation of Metastasis in Ewing Sarcoma.Cancers · 2022Review
- C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 in Cancer.Cells · 2022Review
- Recent Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research.Cancer research · 2021Review
- NTRK fusions are extremely rare in bone tumours.Histopathology · 2021Article
- Precision medicine in Ewing sarcoma: a translational point of view.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2020Review
- Mechanisms of Resistance to NK Cell Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2020Review
- Identification of key candidate genes and pathways in follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma by integrated bioinformatical analysis.Translational cancer research · 2020Article
- CCL14 serves as a novel prognostic factor and tumor suppressor of HCC by modulating cell cycle and promoting apoptosis.Cell death & disease · 2019Article
- New Insights about the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Primary Bone Tumors and Their Microenvironment: A Promising Target to Develop Therapeutic Strategies?International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Hypoxia Modifies the Transcriptome of Human NK Cells, Modulates Their Immunoregulatory Profile, and Influences NK Cell Subset Migration.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm predominantly occurring in adolescents and has a poor prognosis when metastasized. For patients with metastatic disease in particular, immunotherapy has been proposed as possible beneficial additive therapy. CCL21 activation-based immunotherapy was successful in preclinical studies in other tumor types; therefore, we investigated CCL21 expression in Ewing sarcoma as potential target for immunotherapy. The CCL21 RNA expression was determined in 21 Ewing sarcoma cell lines and 18 primary therapy-naive Ewing sarcoma samples. In the tumor samples, this was correlated with the number and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio of infiltrating T cells and clinical parameters. Higher RNA expression levels of CCL21 significantly correlated with a lower CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell ratio (P = 0.009), good chemotherapeutic response (P = 0.01) and improved outcome (P < 0.001). In patients with metastases, CCL21 expression was significantly lower than in patients without (P < 0.0005). CCL21 expression was significantly higher in Ewing sarcoma tissue samples compared to cell lines (P < 0.01), implying the involvement of a stromal factor. Protein expression analysis of CCL21 and its receptor CCR7 in 24 therapy-naïve tumors showed that there was no expression in all bar one Ewing sarcoma cells. In conclusion, CCL21 is expressed in clinical Ewing sarcoma samples by nontumor-infiltrating immune cells. The observed positive correlation with survival implies that CCL21 might be a potential prognostic marker for Ewing sarcoma and marks the potential of CCL21 immunotherapy for use in Ewing sarcoma.
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