Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27368611›Full record

ArticleInternational journal for parasitology2016

Cryptic Eimeria genotypes are common across the southern but not northern hemisphere.

Emily L Clark, Sarah E Macdonald, V Thenmozhi, Krishnendu Kundu, Rajat Garg, Saroj Kumar, Simeon Ayoade, Kimberly M Fornace, Isa Danladi Jatau, Abdalgader Moftah and 20 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal for parasitology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed
11.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Genetic diversity inVeterinary world · 2026
    Review
  4. NGS‑based characterization of Eimeria spp. prevalence and diversity in broiler farms in northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2026
    Article
  5. UnderstandingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Molecular and histopathological characterization ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025
    Article
  10. Study of dense granule proteins inFrontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Prevalence and Risk Factors ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  13. Molecular Investigation ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Identification of Eimeria spp. in domestic chickens raised in alternative poultry production systems in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Eimeria proteins: order amidst disorder.Parasites & vectors · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors at 15 institutions in 9 countries.

Emily L ClarkDepartment of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
Sarah E MacdonaldDepartment of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
V ThenmozhiDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Krishnendu KunduDivision of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Rajat GargDivision of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Saroj KumarDivision of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Simeon AyoadeDepartment of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Kimberly M FornaceDepartment of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
Isa Danladi JatauDepartment of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Abdalgader MoftahSchool of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Matthew J NolanDepartment of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
N R SudhakarDivision of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
A O AdebamboDepartment of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
I A LawalDepartment of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Ramón Álvarez ZapataUniversidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Agronomía Instituto de Producción Animal, Av. Universidad via El Limón, Maracay, Venezuela.
Joseph A AwuniAccra Veterinary Laboratory, Accra, Ghana.
H David ChapmanDepartment of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Esron KarimuriboSouthern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Claire M MugasaDepartment of Biotechnical and Diagnostic sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Boniface NamangalaDepartment of Paraclinical Studies, University of Zambia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.
Jonathan RushtonProduction and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
Xun SuoNational Animal Protozoa Laboratory & College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Kumarasamy ThangarajCSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
Arni S R Srinivasa RaoAugusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Anup K TewariDivision of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Partha S BanerjeeDivision of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
G Dhinakar RajDepartment of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
M RamanDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India.
Fiona M TomleyDepartment of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.
Damer P BlakeDepartment of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK. Electronic address: dblake@rvc.ac.uk.
Indian Veterinary Research Institute · INRoyal Veterinary College · GBAhmadu Bello University · NGFederal University of Agriculture · NGTamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University · INUniversity of Zambia · ZMAugusta University · USCentral University of Venezuela · VECentre for Cellular and Molecular Biology · INChina Agricultural University · CNLondon Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research · GBMakerere University · UGNewcastle University · GBSouthern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance · TZUniversity of Arkansas at Fayetteville · US

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/H009337Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/L00478X
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The phylum Apicomplexa includes parasites of medical, zoonotic and veterinary significance. Understanding the global distribution and genetic diversity of these protozoa is of fundamental importance for efficient, robust and long-lasting methods of control. Eimeria spp. cause intestinal coccidiosis in all major livestock animals and are the most important parasites of domestic chickens in terms of both economic impact and animal welfare. Despite having significant negative impacts on the efficiency of food production, many fundamental questions relating to the global distribution and genetic variation of Eimeria spp. remain largely unanswered. Here, we provide the broadest map yet of Eimeria occurrence for domestic chickens, confirming that all the known species (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria tenella) are present in all six continents where chickens are found (including 21 countries). Analysis of 248 internal transcribed spacer sequences derived from 17 countries provided evidence of possible allopatric diversity for species such as E. tenella (FST values ⩽0.34) but not E. acervulina and E. mitis, and highlighted a trend towards widespread genetic variance. We found that three genetic variants described previously only in Australia and southern Africa (operational taxonomic units x, y and z) have a wide distribution across the southern, but not the northern hemisphere. While the drivers for such a polarised distribution of these operational taxonomic unit genotypes remains unclear, the occurrence of genetically variant Eimeria may pose a risk to food security and animal welfare in Europe and North America should these parasites spread to the northern hemisphere.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiodiversityChickensClassificationCoccidiosisDNA, ProtozoanEimeriaGenotypePhylogenyPhylogeographyPoultry DiseasesSequence Analysis, DNADNA, ProtozoanChickenEimeriaGenetic diversityOperational taxonomic unitsVaccine

Identifiers

PMID27368611
PMCPMC4978698
OpenAlexW2467062547

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.