ReviewCancers2016
Advancing Clostridia to Clinical Trial: Past Lessons and Recent Progress.
Review in Cancers, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bacteria-based immunotherapy for cancer: a systematic review of preclinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Synthetic biology of oncolytic bacteria: Comparative microbial chassis and precise killing strategies.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Bacterial-based cancer therapy: mechanisms and therapeutic advances.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Research progress and clinical translation challenges in the use of oncolytic bacteria for cancer therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Review
- A stable and antibiotic-free plasmid expression system foriScience · 2025Article
- Non-pathogenic E. coli displaying decoy-resistant IL18 mutein boosts anti-tumor and CAR NK cell responses.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Anti-Cancer Strategies Using Anaerobic Spore-Forming BacteriaLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tumor-targeting bacteria as immune stimulants - the future of cancer immunotherapy?Critical reviews in microbiology · 2024Review
- Veillonella parvula as an anaerobic lactate-fermenting bacterium for inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis through tumor-specific colonization and decrease of tumor's lactate level.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Bacteria in Central Nervous System Tumors: Opportunities and Challenges.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Hypoxia-targeting bacteria in cancer therapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2024Review
- NonpathogenicResearch square · 2024Article
- Bacterial carrier-mediated drug delivery systems: a promising strategy in cancer therapy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Hacking the Immune Response to Solid Tumors: Harnessing the Anti-Cancer Capacities of Oncolytic Bacteria.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The role of the symbiotic microecosystem in cancer: gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Heterologous Gene Regulation in Clostridia: Rationally Designed Gene Regulation for Industrial and Medical Applications.ACS synthetic biology · 2022Article
- Use of an optimised enzyme/prodrug combination for Clostridia directed enzyme prodrug therapy induces a significant growth delay in necrotic tumours.Cancer gene therapy · 2022Article
- In Situ Delivery and Production System (Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most solid cancers contain regions of necrotic tissue. The extent of necrosis is associated with poor survival, most likely because it reflects aggressive tumour outgrowth and inflammation. Intravenously injected spores of anaerobic bacteria from the genus Clostridium infiltrate and selectively germinate in these necrotic regions, providing cancer-specific colonisation. The specificity of this system was first demonstrated over 60 years ago and evidence of colonisation has been confirmed in multiple tumour models. The use of "armed" clostridia, such as in Clostridium Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (CDEPT), may help to overcome some of the described deficiencies of using wild-type clostridia for treatment of cancer, such as tumour regrowth from a well-vascularised outer rim of viable cells. Successful preclinical evaluation of a transferable gene that metabolises both clinical stage positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents (for whole body vector visualisation) as well as chemotherapy prodrugs (for conditional enhancement of efficacy) would be a valuable early step towards the prospect of "armed" clostridia entering clinical evaluation. The ability to target the immunosuppressive hypoxic tumour microenvironment using CDEPT may offer potential for synergy with recently developed immunotherapy strategies. Ultimately, clostridia may be most efficacious when combined with conventional therapies, such as radiotherapy, that sterilise viable aerobic tumour cells.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.