Trial reportPloS one2016
Tuberculosis Therapy Modifies the Cytokine Profile, Maturation State, and Expression of Inhibitory Molecules on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4+ T-Cells.
Trial report in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host-directed therapeutics against antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections: emerging roles of multi-omics and systems biology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Minimal immune cell subset differences in a cohort of close contacts of tuberculosis index cases.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Isoniazid preventive therapy modulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T-cell responses in individuals with latent tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reprogramming the host: Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a silent architect of the immuno-tumoral.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Regulatory Mechanisms of Co-Inhibitory Receptors in Tuberculosis Immunity: Implications for Therapeutic Targets.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Bacterial diversity dominates variable macrophage responses of tuberculosis patients in Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Promoter methylation and increased expression of PD-L1 in patients with active tuberculosis.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2024Article
- Characterization of peripheral cytokine-secreting cells responses in HIV/TB co-infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The paradox of immune checkpoint inhibition re-activating tuberculosis.The European respiratory journal · 2022Review
- CD84 is a Suppressor of T and B Cell Activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- PD-L1 Expression in Monocytes Correlates with Bacterial Burden and Treatment Outcomes in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Observational
- A decrease in PPD specific CD4 T cell CD38 and HLA-DR expression in pulmonary tuberculosis patients after 8 weeks of therapy correlates with successful anti-tuberculosis treatment.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2021Article
- Infectious Complications of Biological and Small Molecule Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapies.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Host defense mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
- Immune Phenotype and Functionality ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Disease extent and anti-tubercular treatment response correlates withClinical & translational immunology · 2020Article
- Immunology ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Tuberculosis following PD-1 blockade for cancer immunotherapy.Science translational medicine · 2019Article
- Host-directed therapies for bacterial and viral infections.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about the expression of inhibitory molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed-death-1 (PD-1) on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific CD4 T-cells and how their expression is impacted by TB treatment.
methodsCryopreserved PBMCs from HIV-TB co-infected and TB mono-infected patients with untreated and treated tuberculosis (TB) disease were stimulated for six hours with PPD and stained. Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we characterized the differentiation state, cytokine profile, and inhibitory molecule expression on PPD-specific CD4 T-cells.
resultsIn our HIV-TB co-infected cohort, TB treatment increased the proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T-cells co-producing IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+ and IFN-γ+IL-2+ (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0002, respectively) while decreasing the proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T-cells co-producing IFN-γ+MIP1-β+TNF-α+ and IFN-γ+MIP1-β+. The proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T-cells expressing an effector memory phenotype decreased (63.6% vs 51.6%, p = 0.0015) while the proportion expressing a central memory phenotype increased (7.8% vs. 21.7%, p = 0.001) following TB treatment. TB treatment reduced the proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T-cells expressing CTLA-4 (72.4% vs. 44.3%, p = 0.0005) and PD-1 (34.5% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.03). Similar trends were noted in our TB mono-infected cohort.
conclusionTB treatment alters the functional profile of Mtb-specific CD4 T-cells reflecting shifts towards a less differentiated maturational profile and decreases PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression. These could serve as markers of reduced mycobacterial burden. Further study is warranted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.