ArticleOncoTargets and therapy2016
Cigarette smoking and risk of adult glioma: a meta-analysis of 24 observational studies involving more than 2.3 million individuals.
Article in OncoTargets and therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and genetic determinants of glioblastoma survival: a retrospective study.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Within-city spatial variations in PMScientific reports · 2024Article
- Life-style and metabolic factors do not affect risk for glioma: a prospective population-based study (The Cohort of Norway).Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Associations between adiposity, diabetes, lifestyle factors and the risk of gliomas.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Tobacco smoking associates with NF1 mutations exacerbating survival outcomes in gliomas.Biomarker research · 2022Article
- A combined healthy lifestyle score in relation to glioma: a case-control study.Nutrition journal · 2022Article
- Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in central nervous system tumors: Biological and therapeutic implications.Oncology letters · 2021Review
- The Influence of Gene Aberrations on Survival in ResectedCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2021Article
- α9-Containing Nicotinic Receptors in Cancer.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Indonesian Patients with Gliomas with IDH Mutation: Insights into Its Significance in a Southeast Asian Population.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Epigenome-450K-wide methylation signatures of active cigarette smoking: The Young Finns Study.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- Cigarette Smoking Is Associated with Increased Risk of Malignant Gliomas: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Cancers · 2020Article
- Within-city Spatial Variations in Ambient Ultrafine Particle Concentrations and Incident Brain Tumors in Adults.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Genetic and molecular epidemiology of adult diffuse glioma.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCigarette smoking has been shown to be a risk factor for adult glioma by some but not all studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the potential association.
methodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched from the date of their inception to October 1, 2015, to identify relevant articles. Reference lists from these articles were reviewed to identify additional studies. Both cohort and case-control studies were included. Fixed-effects models were used to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsThe final analysis included 24 studies (seven cohort and 17 case-control studies), involving more than 2.3 million individuals. The combined RR was 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.09; P=0.073) for ever-smokers, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.07; P=0.574) for current-smokers, and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.16; P=0.130) for past smokers, with little evidence of heterogeneity. Omission of any single study from the analysis had little effect on the result. No evidence of publication bias was found. A small but statistically significant increase was found in past smokers in females (RR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.28; P=0.046) but not in males.
conclusionIn general, there was no association between cigarette smoking and adult glioma. The small but statistically significant association in females requires further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.