ArticleJournal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association2016
Sex-Related Differences in the Risk of Hospital-Acquired Sepsis and Pneumonia Post Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Article in Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of post-stroke fever and infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2018Pooled it
- Histone neutralization protects the ischemic brain against the consequences of stroke-associated pneumonia.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Biological sex-dependent differences in acute and post-acute stroke care-a population-based case-control study.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- The impact of post-stroke pneumonia on survival and functional outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for concurrent pulmonary infection in convalescent patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Mortality burden and epidemiology of procedure- and device-related healthcare-associated infections in the United States, 1999-2023: a CDC WONDER analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for the Development of Pneumonia in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2024Review
- A prospective observational study of estimating drug related problems and clinical outcomes in subtypes of stroke patients.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Association of Sex Differences with Mortality and Organ Dysfunction in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Post-Stroke Infections: Insights from Big Data Using Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Analysis of Stroke Care Among 2019-2020 National Emergency Medical Services Information System Encounters.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2022Article
- Pneumonia in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Proximal Occlusions within the Anterior Circulation after Endovascular Therapy or Systemic Thrombolysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Association Between Previous Stroke and Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study and an Overall Review of Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study using Hospital Discharge Data in Spain (2016-2019).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Assessing the Impact of Gender and COPD on the Incidence and Mortality of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia. A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Spanish National Discharge Database (2016-2019).Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Incidence, Outcomes and Sex-Related Disparities in Pneumonia: A Matched-Pair Analysis with Data from Spanish Hospitals (2016-2019).Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Retrospective Study of Nosocomial Infections in the Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Clinic of the Medical University of Lublin in the Years 2018-2020.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Association Between Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Stroke-Associated Pneumonia - An Epidemiological Study.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2021Article
- Estradiol resolves pneumonia via ERβ in regulatory T cells.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Impact of Sex Differences on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis After Trauma: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveInfectious complications after ischemic stroke are frequent and lead to neurological deterioration, poor functional outcomes, and higher mortality. Local and systemic inflammatory responses to brain ischemia differ between males and females, but little is known about differences in poststroke susceptibility to infection by sex. The purpose of this study was to compare sex-related differences in the risk of hospital-acquired sepsis and pneumonia after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). MATERIALS AND
methodsThis is a retrospective, secondary analysis of the 2010-2011 California State Inpatient Database. Previously validated International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes were used to identify adult hospitalizations for AIS. The primary outcome was hospital-acquired sepsis or pneumonia, also identified using ICD-9 codes. Associations between sex and hospital-acquired sepsis or pneumonia were adjusted for baseline characteristics and comorbidities using multivariable logistic regression.
resultsThere were 91,643 hospitalizations for AIS included in this analysis, of which 1027 had hospital-acquired sepsis and 1225 had hospital-acquired pneumonia. The in-hospital mortality without infection was 4.6%; the presence of hospital-acquired infections was associated with higher mortality for sepsis (32.7%) and pneumonia (21.9%). Female (versus male) sex was associated with lower adjusted odds of hospital-acquired sepsis (odds ratio [OR] .74, 95% confidence interval [CI] .65-.84) and pneumonia (OR .69, 95% CI .62-.78). This difference was similar across age strata. Among hospitalizations with either hospital-acquired sepsis or pneumonia, sex did not influence mortality.
conclusionsFemale sex was associated with a lower risk of hospital-acquired sepsis and pneumonia after AIS. Further investigation is needed to determine the mechanisms underlying this clinical observation.
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