Trial reportPloS one2016
Time Savings with Rituximab Subcutaneous Injection versus Rituximab Intravenous Infusion: A Time and Motion Study in Eight Countries.
Trial report in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Two-Stage Phase III, International, Multi-Center, Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab SC in Combination With CHOP or CVP Versus Rituximab IV in Combination With CHOP or CVP in Patients With Previously Untreated Follicular Lymphoma Followed by Maintenance Treatment With Either Rituximab SC or Rituximab IV
A Randomized Study Comparing Maintenance Therapy With Subcutaneous Rituximab Continued Until Progression With Observation Only in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory, Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Who Completed and Responded to Rituximab-based Immunochemotherapy Induction and Initial 2-year Rituximab Maintenance Therapy Administered Subcutaneously
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Time and Resource Use Costs of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Administration of Oncology Biologics in a Hospital Setting.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2023Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics and safety of subcutaneous nivolumab: results from the phase I/II CheckMate 8KX study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Subcutaneous vs Intravenous Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab: A Time and Motion Substudy of a Phase II Trial of Adjuvant Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab for Stage I HER2+ Breast Cancer (ADEPT trial).JCO oncology practice · 2025Trial
- Trial
- A Canadian cancer trials group phase IB study of durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) plus tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4) given concurrently or sequentially in patients with advanced, incurable solid malignancies.Investigational new drugs · 2020Trial
- Safety of switching from intravenous to subcutaneous rituximab during first-line treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Spanish population of the MabRella study.British journal of haematology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Subcutaneous natalizumab administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of EASIER 2 study.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Health care resource use in the management of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - Canadian perspective.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Real-world evidence on the use of hospital resources for subcutaneous and intravenous trastuzumab administration in breast cancer patients at a referral public hospital in Mexico.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Time and Motion Study to Quantify Time for Tysabri (Natalizumab) Intravenous Versus Subcutaneous to Treat Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in France, Spain, and the United Kingdom.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Operational efficiencies of using one vs multiple bispecific antibodies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma in the US.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Multidimensional impact of fixed-dose subcutaneous trastuzumab-pertuzumab on oncology workflow and patient time burden in a real-world study.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Article
- A phase I clinical study to evaluate rapid, high-volume, subcutaneous auto-injector tolerability with recombinant human hyaluronidase.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Review
- A Time and Motion Study Comparing Subcutaneous Pembrolizumab Versus Intravenous Pembrolizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.Advances in therapy · 2025Observational
- Societal Costs and Efficiency of Subcutaneous versus Intravenous Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer's Disease: A U.S. Cost Comparison Model.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Development and Preclinical Testing of a Rapid, High-Volume, Auto-Injector for Subcutaneous Administration with Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Cost-Minimization Analysis and Budget Impact Analysis About Subcutaneous Natalizumab in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Italy.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRituximab is a standard treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The SABRINA trial (NCT01200758) showed that a subcutaneous (SC) rituximab formulation did not compromise efficacy or safety compared with intravenous (IV) infusion. We aimed to quantify active healthcare professional (HCP) time and patient chair time for rituximab SC and IV, including potential time savings.
methodsThis non-interventional time and motion study was run in eight countries and 30 day oncology units. Rituximab SC data were collected alongside the MabCute trial (NCT01461928); IV data were collected per routine real-world practice. Trained observers recorded active HCP time for pre-specified tasks (stopwatch) and chair time (time of day). A random intercept model was used to analyze active HCP time (by task and for all tasks combined) in the treatment room and drug preparation area, drug administration duration, chair time and patient treatment room time by country and/or across countries. Active HCP and chair time were extrapolated to a patient's first year of treatment (11 rituximab sessions).
resultsMean active HCP time was 35.0 and 23.7 minutes for IV and SC process, respectively (-32%, p <0.0001). By country, relative reduction in time was 27-58%. Absolute reduction in extrapolated active HCP time (first year of treatment) was 1.1-5.2 hours. Mean chair time was 262.1 minutes for IV, including 180.9 minutes infusion duration, vs. 67.3 minutes for SC, including 8.3 minutes SC injection administration (-74%, p <0.0001). By country, relative reduction was 53-91%. Absolute reduction in extrapolated chair time for the first year of treatment was 3.1-5.5 eight-hour days.
conclusionsCompared with rituximab IV, rituximab SC was associated with reduced chair time and active HCP time. The latter could be invested in other activities, whereas the former may lead to more available appointments, reducing waiting lists and increasing the efficiency of day oncology units.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01200758.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.