ArticlePsychosomatic medicine2016
Kynurenine and Tryptophan Levels in Patients With Schizophrenia and Elevated Antigliadin Immunoglobulin G Antibodies.
Article in Psychosomatic medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized double-blind inpatient study of a gluten-free diet for negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2026Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of a gluten-free diet in patients with schizophrenia positive for antigliadin antibodies (AGA IgG): a pilot feasibility studyJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2019Trial
- The Effects of a Gluten-Free Diet on Immune Markers and Kynurenic Acid Pathway Metabolites in Patients With Schizophrenia Positive for Antigliadin Antibodies Immunoglobulin G.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Sex-specific association of IDO1 gene with schizophrenia and imbalanced levels of cytokines and neuroactive kynurenine metabolites in relapsed patients.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Immune Influencers in Action: Metabolites and Enzymes of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Review
- Dysregulation of kynurenine metabolism is related to proinflammatory cytokines, attention, and prefrontal cortex volume in schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Article
- Increased Plasma Kynurenic Acid Levels are Associated with Impaired Attention/Vigilance and Social Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Article
- Horizontal and vertical integrative analysis methods for mental disorders omics data.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Gut permeability and mimicry of the Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA type Subunit Associated with protein 1 (GRINA) as potential mechanisms related to a subgroup of people with schizophrenia with elevated antigliadin antibodies (AGA IgG).Schizophrenia research · 2019Article
- Changes in Tryptophan Catabolite (TRYCAT) Pathway Patterning Are Associated with Mild Impairments in Declarative Memory in Schizophrenia and Deficits in Semantic and Episodic Memory Coupled with Increased False-Memory Creation in Deficit Schizophrenia.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Kynurenine is correlated with IL-1β in plasma of schizophrenia patients.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2018Article
- The Food-Specific Serum IgG Reactivity in Major Depressive Disorder Patients, Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients and Healthy Controls.Nutrients · 2018Article
- Anti gliadin antibodies (AGA IgG) related to peripheral inflammation in schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Deficit, but Not Nondeficit, Schizophrenia Is Characterized by Mucosa-Associated Activation of the Tryptophan Catabolite (TRYCAT) Pathway with Highly Specific Increases in IgA Responses Directed to Picolinic, Xanthurenic, and Quinolinic Acid.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSeveral studies have reported an association between nonceliac gluten sensitivity and schizophrenia. Immune and kynurenine (KYN) pathways have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and certain proinflammatory immune mediators may increase KYN and reduce tryptophan (TRP) levels.
methodsWe measured serum antigliadin immunoglobulin G (IgG), KYN, and TRP in 950 patients with schizophrenia. Patients with antibody level at the 90th percentile or higher of control participants (21.9% of all patients) were classified as having elevated antigliadin IgG. Independent t tests and linear regression models were used to compare TRP, KYN, and KYN-TRP ratio (indicator of TRP metabolism) between patients with and those without elevated antigliadin IgG. The correlation between antigliadin IgG and TRP, KYN, and the ratio was also evaluated in the patients.
resultsKYN and KYN-TRP ratio were higher in patients with elevated antigliadin IgG (geometric mean [standard deviation {SD}] = 2.65 [0.25] µmol/L versus 2.25 [0.23] µmol/L [p < .001] and 0.05 [0.26] versus 0.04 [0.25; p = .001] respectively), findings robust to adjustment for potential demographic and clinical confounders. Antigliadin IgG positively correlated with KYN and KYN-TRP ratio (r = 0.12, p < .001; r = 0.11, p = .002). TRP did not differ between the two groups and did not correlate with antigliadin IgG.
conclusionsOur results connect nonceliac gluten sensitivity with the KYN pathway of TRP metabolism in psychotic illness and hint toward potential individualized treatment targets.
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