ArticleBMC plant biology2016
Expression and functional analysis of citrus carotene hydroxylases: unravelling the xanthophyll biosynthesis in citrus fruits.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative genomics and evolutionary insights in divergence and expression of CYP450 super gene family in citrus (C. sinensis, C. grandis&P. trifoliata).BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Carotene hydroxylase DcCYP97A3 affects carotenoid metabolic flow and taproot color by influencing the conversion of α-carotene to lutein in carrot.Horticulture research · 2025Article
- Transposable Element Landscape in the Monotypic SpeciesBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis provides clues to fruit color formation of yellow, orange, and red bell pepper.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cytochrome P450 CitCYP97B modulates carotenoid accumulation diversity by hydroxylating β-cryptoxanthin in Citrus.Plant communications · 2024Article
- CitrusHorticulture research · 2023Article
- Genome-wide analysis of cytochrome P450 genes inHorticulture research · 2023Article
- Differential hydroxylation efficiency of the two non-heme carotene hydroxylases: DcBCH1, rather than DcBCH2, plays a major role in carrot taproot.Horticulture research · 2022Article
- Characterization and functional validation of β-carotene hydroxylaseHorticulture research · 2022Article
- Metalloenzymes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in plants.Methods in enzymology · 2022Article
- Overexpression of a carrot BCH gene, DcBCH1, improves tolerance to drought in Arabidopsis thaliana.BMC plant biology · 2021Article
- Integrative analysis of metabolome and transcriptome profiles provides insight into the fruit pericarp pigmentation disorder caused by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' infection.BMC plant biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Transcriptional Analysis of Carotenoids Accumulation and Metabolism in a Pink-Fleshed Lemon Mutant.Genes · 2020Article
- A mutant allele of ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) is associated with the yellow pigmentation of the "Pinalate" sweet orange mutant and reveals new insights into its role in fruit carotenogenesis.BMC plant biology · 2019Article
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9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundXanthophylls are oxygenated carotenoids and fulfill critical roles in plant growth and development. In plants, two different types of carotene hydroxylases, non-heme di-iron and heme-containing cytochrome P450, were reported to be involved in the biosynthesis of xanthophyll. Citrus fruits accumulate a high amount of xanthophylls, especially β,β-xanthophylls. To date, however, the roles of carotene hydroxylases in regulating xanthophyll content and composition have not been elucidated.
resultsIn the present study, the roles of four carotene hydroxylase genes (CitHYb, CitCYP97A, CitCYP97B, and CitCYP97C) in the biosynthesis of xanthophyll in citrus fruits were investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four citrus carotene hydroxylases presented in four distinct clusters which have been identified in higher plants. CitHYb was a non-heme di-iron carotene hydroxylase, while CitCYP97A, CitCYP97B, and CitCYP97C were heme-containing cytochrome P450-type carotene hydroxylases. Gene expression results showed that the expression of CitHYb increased in the flavedo and juice sacs during the ripening process, which was well consistent with the accumulation of β,β-xanthophyll in citrus fruits. The expression of CitCYP97A and CitCYP97C increased with a peak in November, which might lead to an increase of lutein in the juice sacs during the ripening process. The expression level of CitCYP97B was much lower than that of CitHYb, CitCYP97A, and CitCYP97C in the juice sacs during the ripening process. Functional analysis showed that the CitHYb was able to catalyze the hydroxylation of the β-rings of β-carotene and α-carotene in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Meanwhile, when CitHYb was co-expressed with CitCYP97C, α-carotene was hydroxylated on the β-ring and ε-ring sequentially to produce lutein.
conclusionsCitHYb was a key gene for β,β-xanthophyll biosynthesis in citrus fruits. CitCYP97C functioned as an ε-ring hydroxylase to produce lutein using zeinoxanthin as a substrate. The results will contribute to elucidating xanthophyll biosynthesis in citrus fruits, and provide new strategies to improve the nutritional and commercial qualities of citrus fruits.
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