Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27357195›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2016

Retrospective analysis of changing characteristics of treatment-seeking smokers: implications for further reducing smoking prevalence.

Teresa M Leyro, Erin E Crew, Susan W Bryson, Anna Lembke, Steffani R Bailey, Judith J Prochaska, Lisa Henriksen, Stephen P Fortmann, Joel D Killen, Diana T Killen and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01330043 (Extended Treatment for Smoking Cessation), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01330043 phase4completednot on this map

Extended Treatment for Smoking Cessation

TypeinterventionalSponsorStanford UniversityRan2010 to 2015Enrolled223ConditionsSmoking CessationArmsBupropion, Nicotine patch, Varenicline
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Teresa M LeyroDepartment of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Erin E CrewDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Susan W BrysonStanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Anna LembkeDepartment of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Steffani R BaileyDepartment of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Judith J ProchaskaDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Lisa HenriksenDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Stephen P FortmannDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Joel D KillenDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Diana T KillenDepartment of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Sharon M HallDepartment of Psychiatry, San Francisco Treatment Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sean P DavidDepartment of Medicine, Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Funding

TREATMENTS FOR COMPLEX PATIENTS IN NEW SETTINGSP50DA009253 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DELUCCHI, KEVIN L. · 1994 to 2014
$28.2M
Substance Use Disorders Treatment/Services Research Training ProgramT32DA007250 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Derek D Satre, Janice Y Tsoh · 1991 to 2026
$7.4M
Maintaining Nonsmoking: Treatment of Older SmokersR01DA002538 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HUMFLEET, GARY L · 1985 to 2013
$5.4M
Extended Treatment for Smoking CessationR01DA017441 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID, SEAN P. · 2003 to 2013
$5.2M
Maintenance Treatment for Smoking CessationR01CA090300 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KILLEN, JOEL D · 2001 to 2004
$2.3M
Selegiline Patch for Treatment of Nicotine DependenceR01DA017457 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KILLEN, JOEL D · 2003 to 2008
$2.2M
Treatment of Complex Patients: Emphasis on NicotineK05DA016752 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HALL, SHARON M. · 2003 to 2012
$1.1M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA090300NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA016752NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA009253NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA002538NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA017441NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA017457NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007250
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe goal of the current study was to empirically compare successive cohorts of treatment-seeking smokers who enrolled in randomised clinical trials in a region of the USA characterised by strong tobacco control policies and low smoking prevalence, over the past three decades.

designRetrospective treatment cohort comparison.

settingData were collected from 9 randomised clinical trials conducted at Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, between 1990 and 2013.

participantsData from a total of 2083 participants were included (Stanford, n=1356; University of California San Francisco, n=727). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: One-way analysis of variance and covariance, χ(2) and logistic regression analyses were used to examine relations between nicotine dependence, cigarettes per day, depressive symptoms and demographic characteristics among study cohorts.

resultsSimilar trends were observed at both settings. When compared to earlier trials, participants in more recent trials smoked fewer cigarettes, were less nicotine-dependent, reported more depressive symptoms, were more likely to be male and more likely to be from a minority ethnic/racial group, than those enrolled in initial trials (all p's<0.05). Analysis of covariances revealed that cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence and current depressive symptom scores were each significantly related to trial (all p's<0.001).

conclusionsOur findings suggest that more recent smoking cessation treatment-seeking cohorts in a low prevalence region were characterised by less smoking severity, more severe symptoms of depression and were more likely to be male and from a minority racial/ethnic group.

Indexed as

Public HealthAdolescentAdultEthnicityFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient Acceptance of Health CarePrevalenceRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRetrospective StudiesSan FranciscoSmokersSmokingPUBLIC HEALTH

Identifiers

PMID27357195
PMCPMC4932265

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.