ArticleOncotarget2016
PD1 blockade enhances cytotoxicity of in vitro expanded natural killer cells towards myeloma cells.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- The dual nature of immunotherapy in female reproductive disorders: immune homeostasis and clinical challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cell-targeted PD-1 agonists are potent NK-cell inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Protocol for isolation and expansion of natural killer cells from human peripheral blood scalable for clinical applications.Biology methods & protocols · 2025Article
- NK-92MI Cells Engineered with Anti-claudin-6 Chimeric Antigen Receptors in Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Vactosertib potently improves anti-tumor properties of 5-FU for colon cancer.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Tim-3 Blockade Elicits Potent Anti-Multiple Myeloma Immunity of Natural Killer Cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Overcoming tumor resistance mechanisms in CAR-NK cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Differential Engraftment of Parental A20 PD-L1 WT and PD-L1 KO Leukemia Cells in Semiallogeneic Recipients in the Context of PD-L1/PD-1 Interaction and NK Cell-Mediated Hybrid Resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Programmed Cell Death-1 and Its Ligands as Targets for Therapy of Multiple Myeloma Patients.Cancer management and research · 2022Article
- Review
- Programmed cell death 1-expressing CD56-negative natural killer (NK) cell expansion is a hallmark of chronic NK cell activation during dasatinib treatment.Cancer science · 2021Article
- Humanized Mouse Models for the Advancement of Innate Lymphoid Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- NK Cells in aFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Pembrolizumab as Consolidation Strategy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Results of the GEM-Pembresid Clinical Trial.Cancers · 2020Article
- Expanded and activated allogeneic NK cells are cytotoxic against B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells with sporadic cases of resistance.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Humanized Mice Are Precious Tools for Preclinical Evaluation of CAR T and CAR NK Cell Therapies.Cancers · 2020Review
- Exploration of the personalized immune checkpoint atlas of plasma cell dyscrasias patients using high‑dimensional single‑cell analysis.Oncology reports · 2020Article
- Review
- A Genetically Engineered Primary Human Natural Killer Cell Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aiming for an adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy, we have developed a novel protocol to expand NK cells from peripheral blood. With this protocol using anti-human CD16 antibody and interleukin (IL)-2, NK (CD3-CD56+) cells could be expanded about 4000-fold with over 70% purity during a 21-day culture. The expanded NK (exNK) cells were shown to be highly cytotoxic to multiple myeloma (MM) cells (RPMI8226) at low NK-target cell ratios. Furthermore, NK cells expanded in the presence of a blocking antibody (exNK+PD1-blockage) against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1), a key counteracting molecule for NK and T cell activity, demonstrated more potent cytolytic activity against the RPMI8226 than the exNK cells without PD1 blocking. In parallel, the exNK cells showed significantly higher expression of NK activation receptors NKG2D, NKp44 and NKp30. In a murine model of MM, transfusion of exNK cells, exNK+PD1-blockage, and exNK plus intratumor injection of anti-PD-L2 antibody (exNK+PD-L2 blockage) all significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of the myeloma mice. Importantly, exNK+PD1-blockage presented more efficient therapeutic effects. Our results suggest that the NK cell expansion protocol with PD1 blockade presented in this study has considerable potential for the clinical application of allo- and auto-NK cell-based therapies against malignancies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.