ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
S100A12 Is Part of the Antimicrobial Network against Mycobacterium leprae in Human Macrophages.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Pooled it
- Identification of a spatially organized TREM2-associated permissive macrophage niche in human pulmonary tuberculosis alveolar pneumonia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identification of Skin Multicellular Reprogramming Factors as Potential Treatment for Nonhealing Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Advances in wound care · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Th1/Th17 responses and antimicrobial pathways in leprosy skin lesions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Article
- Single-Cell RNA-Seq Uncovers Cellular Heterogeneity from Deep Fascia in Necrotizing Fasciitis Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- IFN-γ-Driven macrophage responses in the immunity toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Microbial Metagenomes and Host Transcriptomes Reveal the Dynamic Changes of Rumen Gene Expression, Microbial Colonization and Co-Regulation of Mineral Element Metabolism in Yaks from Birth to Adulthood.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Normalizing granuloma vasculature and matrix improves drug delivery and reduces bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- Single-cell RNA-seq mapping of chicken peripheral blood leukocytes.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Leprosy: treatment, prevention, immune response and gene function.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Exploring the Transcriptome Dynamics of In VivoGenes · 2023Article
- Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals the Hub Genes and Key Pathways Associated with Resistance toInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- SelectBCM tool: a batch evaluation framework to select the most appropriate batch-correction methods for bulk transcriptome analysis.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2023Article
- LPS and oxLDL-induced S100A12 and RAGE expression in carotid arteries of atherosclerotic Yucatan microswine.Molecular biology reports · 2022Article
- Carboxylesterase-1 Assisted Targeting of HDAC Inhibitors to Mononuclear Myeloid Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2022Article
- Neutrophil-Associated Responses to Vibrio cholerae Infection in a Natural Host Model.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Triggering antimicrobial mechanisms in macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria, is critical to host defense against the infection. To uncover the unique and shared antimicrobial networks induced by the innate and adaptive immune systems, gene expression profiles generated by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) from human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) activated with TLR2/1 ligand (TLR2/1L) or IFN-γ were analyzed. Weighed gene correlation network analysis identified modules of genes strongly correlated with TLR2/1L or IFN-γ that were linked by the "defense response" gene ontology term. The common TLR2/1L and IFN-γ inducible human macrophage host defense network contained 16 antimicrobial response genes, including S100A12, which was one of the most highly induced genes by TLR2/1L. There is limited information on the role of S100A12 in infectious disease, leading us to test the hypothesis that S100A12 contributes to host defense against mycobacterial infection in humans. We show that S100A12 is sufficient to directly kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. We also demonstrate that S100A12 is required for TLR2/1L and IFN-γ induced antimicrobial activity against M. leprae in infected macrophages. At the site of disease in leprosy, we found that S100A12 was more strongly expressed in skin lesions from tuberculoid leprosy (T-lep), the self-limiting form of the disease, compared to lepromatous leprosy (L-lep), the progressive form of the disease. These data suggest that S100A12 is part of an innate and adaptive inducible antimicrobial network that contributes to host defense against mycobacteria in infected macrophages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.