ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2016
Treatment Outcomes and Resistance Patterns of Children and Adolescents on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asia.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness and safety of darunavir and lopinavir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Second-line HIV treatment failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Multicentre analysis of second-line antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected children: adolescents at high risk of failure.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Trial
- Research on Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Asia: Data on Treatment Outcomes and Emerging Co-Morbidities from the TREAT Asia Network.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Incidence and predictors of virological failure among HIV infected children and adolescents receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda, a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Determinants of Viral Resuppression or Persistent Virologic Failure After Initial Failure With Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Among Asian Children and Adolescents With HIV.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2020Article
- Outcomes of second-line antiretroviral therapy among children living with HIV: a global cohort analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- Antiretroviral Resistance Patterns in Children with HIV Infection.Current infectious disease reports · 2019Review
- Observational
- Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.AIDS research and therapy · 2018Article
- Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Observational
- Brief Report: Lopinavir Hair Concentrations Are the Strongest Predictor of Viremia in HIV-Infected Asian Children and Adolescents on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Change in Renal Function among HIV-Infected Koreans Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Backbone Antiretroviral Therapy: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study.Yonsei medical journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundData on pediatric treatment outcomes and drug resistance while on second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) are needed to guide HIV care in resource-limited countries.
methodsHIV-infected children <18 years who were switched or switching to second-line ART after first-line failure were enrolled from 8 sites in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Genotyping was performed at virologic failure (VF; HIV-RNA >1000 copies/mL). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate factors predicting VF.
resultsOf 277 children, 41% were female. At second-line switch, age was 7.5 (5.3-10.3) years, CD4 count was 300 (146-562) cells per cubic millimeter, and percentage was 13 (7-20%); HIV-RNA was 5.0 (4.4-5.5) log10 copies per milliliter. Second-line regimens contained lamivudine (90%), tenofovir (43%), zidovudine or abacavir (30%), lopinavir (LPV/r; 91%), and atazanavir (ATV; 7%). After 3.3 (1.8-5.3) years on second-line ART, CD4 was 763 (556-1060) cells per cubic millimeter and 26% (20-31%). VF occurred in 73 (27%), with an incidence of 7.25 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.77 to 9.12). Resistance mutations in 50 of 73 children with available genotyping at first VF included M184V (56%), ≥1 thymidine analogue mutation (TAM; 40%), ≥4 TAMs (10%), Q151M (4%), any major LPV mutation (8%), ≥6 LPV mutations (2%), and any major ATV mutation (4%). Associations with VF included age >11 years (hazard ratio [HR] 4.06; 95% CI: 2.15 to 7.66) and HIV-RNA >5.0 log10 copies per milliliter (HR 2.42; 95% CI: 1.27 to 4.59) at switch and were seen more commonly in children from Vietnam (HR 2.79; 95% CI: 1.55 to 5.02).
conclusionsOne-fourth of children developed VF while on second-line ART. However, few developed major mutations to protease inhibitors.
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