ReviewThe Yale journal of biology and medicine2016
Marijuana, the Endocannabinoid System and the Female Reproductive System.
Review in The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Cannabis on Female Reproductive Health Across the Life Course.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Pooled it
- Relationship between fMRI response during a nonverbal memory task and marijuana use in college students.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Characterization of Women's Health Benefit Claims Made on Cannabis E-Commerce Platforms: A Retrospective Market Surveillance Study.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Biochemical Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Pathophysiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Narrative Review and Future Directions.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Adolescent female rats are resistant to the affective and cognitive impacts of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure despite long-lasting molecular and neuronal disturbances in the hippocampal-hypothalamic network.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of the Endocannabinoid System with a Focus on Reproductive Physiology and the Cannabinoid Impact on Fertility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Transgenerational effects of perinatal cannabis exposure on female reproductive parameters in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Transgenerational effects of perinatal cannabis exposure on female reproductive parameters in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Identifying adverse childhood experiences and mental health needs among a small sample of pregnant women who use cannabis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- AstrocyticCannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Article
- Applications of Cannabinoids in Neuropathic Pain: An Updated Review.Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems · 2024Review
- Role of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors in Vascular Responses and Vascular Remodeling of the Aorta in Female Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Adolescent exposure to low-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol depletes the ovarian reserve in female mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- Consuming oral cannabidiol prior to a standard alcohol dose has minimal effect on breath alcohol level and subjective effects of alcohol.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Cannabis smoking, tobacco cigarette smoking, and adenomyosis risk.Fertility and sterility · 2023Article
- Endocannabinoid System Components of the Female Mouse Reproductive Tract Are Modulated during Reproductive Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Reproduction and Fertility: Where We Stand.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Cannabis significantly alters DNA methylation of the human ovarian follicle in a concentration-dependent manner.Molecular human reproduction · 2022Article
- The effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on the endocrine system.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Metabolic risk factors and fertility disorders: A narrative review of the female perspective.Reproductive biomedicine & society online · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Marijuana use among women is highly prevalent, but the societal conversation on marijuana rarely focuses on how marijuana affects female reproduction and endocrinology. This article reviews the current scientific literature regarding marijuana use and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis regulation, ovarian hormone production, the menstrual cycle, and fertility. Evidence suggests that marijuana can reduce female fertility by disrupting hypothalamic release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to reduced estrogen and progesterone production and anovulatory menstrual cycles. Tolerance to these effects has been shown in rhesus monkeys, but the effects of chronic marijuana use on human female reproduction are largely unknown. Marijuana-induced analgesia, drug reinforcement properties, tolerance, and dependence are influenced by ovarian hormones, with estrogen generally increasing and progesterone decreasing sensitivity to marijuana. Carefully controlled regulation of the Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is required for successful reproduction, and the exogenous cannabinoids in marijuana may disrupt the delicate balance of the ECS in the female reproductive system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
27354844PMC4918871W2461327703What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.