Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27354711›Full record

ArticleBiology letters2016

Muscle shortening velocity depends on tissue inertia and level of activation during submaximal contractions.

Stephanie A Ross, James M Wakeling

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biology letters, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Effects of muscle mass on muscle force predictions in human movement.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  14. Muscle-spring dynamics in time-limited, elastic movements.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2016
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Stephanie A RossDepartment of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada V5A 1S6 saross@sfu.ca.ORCID 0000-0003-3512-9579
James M WakelingDepartment of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada V5A 1S6.ORCID 0000-0003-0817-0867

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In order to perform external work, muscles must do additional internal work to deform their tissue, and in particular, to overcome the inertia due to their internal mass. However, the contribution of the internal mass within a muscle to the mechanical output of that muscle has only rarely been studied. Here, we use a dynamic, multi-element Hill-type muscle model to examine the effects of the inertial mass within muscle on its contractile performance. We find that the maximum strain-rate of muscle is slower for lower activations and larger muscle sizes. As muscle size increases, the ability of the muscle to overcome its inertial load will decrease, as muscle tension is proportional to cross-sectional area and inertial load is proportional to mass. Thus, muscles that are larger in size will have a higher inertial cost to contraction. Similarly, when muscle size and inertial load are held constant, decreasing muscle activation will increase inertial cost to contraction by reducing muscle tension. These results show that inertial loads within muscle contribute to a slowing of muscle contractile velocities (strain-rates), particularly at the submaximal activations that are typical during animal locomotion.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaComputer SimulationModels, BiologicalMuscle ContractionMuscle, SkeletalMuscle Tonusactivationcontractile velocityinertiamodellingmuscle mechanics

Identifiers

PMID27354711
PMCPMC4938035

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.