ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2016
Biological role of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on cells of the myeloid lineage.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 310 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
310 citing papers in PubMed, 537 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 spike-armed vesicular stomatitis virus recapitulates severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Fibrin-rich environment drives catheter-associated UTIs by suppressing macrophage defenses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cytokine multimerization: when more is more and sometimes less.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Targeting Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic Rationale, Clinical Trials, and Regulatory Considerations.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Systemic Neutralization of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Attenuates Stellate Ganglion Neuroinflammation and Cardiac Sympathetic Overactivation in Chronic Heart Failure in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Carotid plaque macrophage burden and inflammatory lipid-associated macrophage markers predict secondary major adverse cardiovascular events after endarterectomy.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoid signalling dysregulation and immune cell adaptation in Anorexia Nervosa.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Embryonic and postnatal macrophages are necessary for proper tooth development and homeostasis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exploring the GM-CSF histidine triad as a modulator of structure, molecular motion, and ligand binding.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- SHIP blocks (MDP + LPS)-induced synergy in macrophages independent of catalytic activity.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Metabolic Remodeling during Differentiation of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- CpG 1018 augments mRNA vaccine-induced anti-tumor immunity by potentiating CD8+ T cell responses.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Fluid and Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Microgliopathy Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor-Related Disorders.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Macrophages orchestrate antiviral defense and epithelial repair in a human iPSC-derived alveolar air-liquid interface.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Understanding the dual role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the lung cancer tumor microenvironment and its therapeutic implications.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- PPARα deficiency causes skin dysbiosis and triggers innate immunity in keratinocytes.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Transcriptome of the human C2 dorsal root ganglia in C1-2 arthrodesis surgery: insight for neck pain.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- EPICERTIN, an engineered variant of cholera toxin B subunit, promotes survival and a pro-remodeling macrophage phenotype for mucosal healing in colitis.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Expression of Molecular Markers Associated with Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumours and Bone Destruction: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
250 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
M-CSF and GM-CSF are 2 important cytokines that regulate macrophage numbers and function. Here, we review their known effects on cells of the macrophage-monocyte lineage. Important clues to their function come from their expression patterns. M-CSF exhibits a mostly homeostatic expression pattern, whereas GM-CSF is a product of cells activated during inflammatory or pathologic conditions. Accordingly, M-CSF regulates the numbers of various tissue macrophage and monocyte populations without altering their "activation" status. Conversely, GM-CSF induces activation of monocytes/macrophages and also mediates differentiation to other states that participate in immune responses [i.e., dendritic cells (DCs)]. Further insights into their function have come from analyses of mice deficient in either cytokine. M-CSF signals through its receptor (CSF-1R). Interestingly, mice deficient in CSF-1R expression exhibit a more significant phenotype than mice deficient in M-CSF. This observation was explained by the discovery of a novel cytokine (IL-34) that represents a second ligand of CSF-1R. Information about the function of these ligands/receptor system is still developing, but its complexity is intriguing and strongly suggests that more interesting biology remains to be elucidated. Based on our current knowledge, several therapeutic molecules targeting either the M-CSF or the GM-CSF pathways have been developed and are currently being tested in clinical trials targeting either autoimmune diseases or cancer. It is intriguing to consider how evolution has directed these pathways to develop; their complexity likely mirrors the multiple functions in which cells of the monocyte/macrophage system are involved.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.